Biological Control of Damping-Off Diseases with Seed Treatments

Paulitz, T. C.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9468-7_20

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Therefore, more insights into the mechanisms that govern the interactions between bacteria, plant, and pathogen are needed. Biocontrol bacteria can mediate their role in disease suppression through various mechanisms including competition for nutrients and niches (Paulitz 1990), production of antimicrobial metabolites (Lugtenberg et al 1991;Dunne et al 1996;Keel and Defago 1997;O'Sullivan and O'Gara 1992;Thomashow and Weller 1995), and induced systemic resistance (ISR) in the host plant (van Peer et al 1991;Leeman et al 1995a;Pieterse et al 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biocontrol by Phenazine-1-carboxamide-Producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of Tomato Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Chin-A-Woeng¹,

Bloemberg²,

Bij³

et al. 1998

MPMI

311

175

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Seventy bacterial isolates from the rhizosphere of tomato were screened for antagonistic activity against the tomato foot and root rot-causing fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. One isolate, strain PCL1391, appeared to be an efficient colonizer of tomato roots and an excellent biocontrol strain in an F. oxysporum/tomato test system. Strain PCL1391 was identified as Pseudomonas chlororaphis and further characterization showed that it produces a broad spectrum of antifungal factors (AFFs), including a hydrophobic compound, hydrogen cyanide, chitinase(s), and protease(s). Through mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, the hydrophobic compound was identified as phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN). We have studied the production and action of this AFF both in vitro and in vivo. Using a PCL1391 transposon mutant, with a lux reporter gene inserted in the phenazine biosynthetic operon (phz), we showed that this phenazine biosynthetic mutant was substantially decreased in both in vitro antifungal activity and biocontrol activity. Moreover, with the same mutant it was shown that the phz biosynthetic operon is expressed in the tomato rhizosphere. Comparison of the biocontrol activity of the PCN-producing strain PCL1391 with those of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA)-producing strains P. fluorescens 2-79 and P. aureofaciens 30-84 showed that the PCN-producing strain is able to suppress disease in the tomato/F. oxysporum system, whereas the PCA-producing strains are not. Comparison of in vitro antifungal activity of PCN and PCA showed that the antifungal activity of PCN was at least 10 times higher at neutral pH, suggesting that this may contribute to the superior biocontrol performance of strain PCL1391 in the tomato/F. oxysporum system.

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confidence: 99%

Biocontrol by Phenazine-1-carboxamide-Producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of Tomato Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Chin-A-Woeng¹,

Bloemberg²,

Bij³

et al. 1998

MPMI

311

175

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“…Seed treatment is ideal for introducing antagonists to control specific pathogens because it allows the antagonist to be placed where it is most needed, and, the antagonist's growth can be supported by the plant it protects. It has long been viewed as one of the most practical delivery systems for biological control agents (Paulitz, 1992), and offers a number of advantages over in‐furrow or other bulk soil applications. Previous studies showed that biological seed treatment was effective against damping‐off pathogens on a variety of legumes, such as soybean (Osburn et al., 1995), chickpea (Trapero‐Casas et al., 1990), pea (Harman et al., 1989) and snap bean (Harman et al., 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation and Delivery of the Bacterial Antagonist Bacillus subtilis for Management of Lentil Vascular Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis

El-Hassan¹,

Gowen²

2006

Journal of Phytopathology

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Different formulations of Bacillus subtilis were prepared using standard laboratory protocols. Bacillus subtilis survived in glucose and talc powders at 8.6 and 7.8 log 10 CFU/g, respectively, for 1 year of storage at room temperature compared with 3.5 log 10 CFU/g on a peat formulation. Glasshouse experiments using soil and seed treatments were conducted to test the efficacy of B. subtilis for protecting lentil against the wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis. Seed treatments with formulations of B. subtilis on glucose, talc and peat significantly enhanced its biocontrol activity against Fusarium compared with a treatment in which spores were applied directly to seed. The formulations decreased disease severity by reducing colonization of plants by the pathogen, promoting their growth and increased the dry weight of lentil plants. Of these treatments the glucose and talc-based powder formulations were more effective than the peat formulation and the spore application without a carrier. It was shown that the B. subtilis spores applied with glucose were viable for longer than those applied with other carriers. Seed treatment with these formulated spores is an effective delivery system that can provide a conducive environment for B. subtilis to suppress vascular wilt disease on lentil and has the potential for utilization in commercial field application.www.blackwell-synergy.com

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“…Interestingly, no major changes in gene expression in the plant have been related to the ISR state. Several lines of experimental evidence have shown that seed treatments with bacterial or fungal antagonists were effective in protecting germinating embryos and seedlings from the damaging action of root pathogens (Paulitz 1992). Besides, several soilborne rhizosphere bacteria and fungi have been shown to induce systemic resistance in plants against pathogens (Demeyer et al 1998;van Loon et al 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, colonization of tomato roots by Glomus mosseae reduce disease development in plants infected with Phytophthora parasitica, and the involvement of plant defense mechanisms has been pointed out (Pozo et al 1996;Cordier et al 1998;Pozo et al 1998;Pozo et al 1999;Pozo et al 2002b). Although the basic mechanisms behind pathogen inhibition are not clearly defined, the possibility that antibiosis, mycoparasitism and competition may operate synergistically has been suggested (Paulitz, 1992).Alterations in the isoenzymatic patterns and biochemical properties of some defenserelated enzymes such as chitinases (Pozo et al 1996), chitosanases (Pozo et al 1998) and β-1,3-glucanases (Pozo et al 1999) have previously been show during mycorrhizal colonization of tomato roots, with the induction of new isoforms. These hydrolytic enzymes are believed to have a role in defense against invading fungal pathogens because of their potential to hydrolyse fungal cell wall polysaccharides (Simmons, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

INDUCTION OF DEFENSE RESPONSES IN TOMATO PLANTS INOCULATED WITH PHYTOSTIMULATION MICROORGANISMS AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum

Attia¹,

Hamed

2005

Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences

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Phytostimulation microorganisms (PSM) viz. Trichoderma harzianum (TH), Bacillus subtilis (BS) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were tested individually or in mixed culture for their ability to induce pathogenesis-related (PR)proteins (chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase PAL) and phenolics in tomato plants grown in sterilized soilless medium artificially infested with or without the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORT). PSM-treated plants were more developed than non-treated control or inoculation with FORT. PSM-treated plants were effective in reducing diseases produced by FORT infection. Plants application with PSM significantly increased the activity of peroxidase, chitinase, β-1, 3-glucanase and PAL and accumulated phenolics in tomato plants compared to untreated control. Among the treatments, AM fungi recorded the maximum increase in the activities of all defense-related enzymes and accumulated phenolics followed by T. harzianum and B subttilis. The maximum increase in the activities of peroxidase, β-1, 3-glucanase, PAL and accumulated phenolics were observed 6 days after application of PSM. However, the maximum increase in the activities of chitinase was observed 9 days after application of PSM. Several fold increase in the accumulation of phenolics and activities of defense enzymes was observed when the induced plants were inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORT). These results suggest that enhanced activities of defense enzymes and elevated content of phenolics by inoculation with PSM may contribute to protection of tomato plants against F. oxysporum.

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Biological Control of Damping-Off Diseases with Seed Treatments

Cited by 13 publications

References 18 publications

Biocontrol by Phenazine-1-carboxamide-Producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of Tomato Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Biocontrol by Phenazine-1-carboxamide-Producing Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 of Tomato Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici

Formulation and Delivery of the Bacterial Antagonist Bacillus subtilis for Management of Lentil Vascular Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis

INDUCTION OF DEFENSE RESPONSES IN TOMATO PLANTS INOCULATED WITH PHYTOSTIMULATION MICROORGANISMS AGAINST Fusarium oxysporum

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