“…ISR by rhizobacteria was demonstrated using both Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria (Baker et al, 1985;Maurhofer et al, 1994;Zhou and Paulitz, 1994;Liu et al, 1995;Leeman et al, 1996;Benhamou and Belanger, 1998;Pieterse et al, 1998;Kloepper et al, 2004). Bacillus subtilis not only has been reported to trigger ISR Ryu et al, 2004), but also has been implicated in promoting plant growth and protection from fungal infection (Dal-Soo et al, 1997;Emmert and Handelsman, 1999;Bacon et al, 2001;Estevez de Jensen et al, 2002;Ryu et al, 2003). Bacterial signals have been identified that activate plant defense responses through the ethylene pathway, independent of the salicylic acid (SA) pathway or the jasmonic acid pathway .…”