Biological control of intolerant hardwood competition: Silvicultural efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum and worker productivity in conifer plantations

Roy, Vincent; Dubeau, Denise; Auger, Isabelle

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2010.01.033

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Pouzar have been generally successful but variable (Myketa et al 1995, Pitt et al 1999a, Conlin et al 2000, De Jong 2000, Shamoun 2000, Uotila et al 2006. Roy et al (2010) observed that after four years, addition of a C. purpureum-based biological treatment does not significantly improve light availability and morphological parameters (height, diameter) of white spruce seedlings and thereby does not eliminate the need for repeated mechanical treatments. C. purpureum is currently registered for use only on Sitka and red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.)…”

Section: Application Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Overview of The Efficacy of Vegetation Management Alternatives for Conifer Regeneration in Boreal Forests

Wiensczyk¹,

Swift²,

Morneault

et al. 2011

The Forestry Chronicle

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In this paper, we discuss the broad array of treatments that could be used to control competitive vegetation in conifer plantations in the boreal forests of Canada. We present vegetation management alternatives screened based on their treatment efficacy, which we defined as their ability to (a) control competitive vegetation and (b) not cause undue damage to conifer seedlings. The treatments reviewed range from pre-harvest (preventative) to post-plant release (reactive) treatments, and are organized into five categories: (i) silvicultural and harvest systems, (ii) physical treatments such as mechanical site preparation, cutting, girdling and mulching; (iii) thermal treatments such as prescribed fire and steaming; (iv) cultural treatments such as seedling culture, cover cropping, and grazing; and (v) chemical and biological spray treatments. We based our assessment of treatment efficacy on previous reviews, expert opinion, and published literature. We conclude on the need to further assess the effectiveness of forest vegetation management strategies in the context of multi-purpose plantations that consider ecological, social and silvicultural objectives.Key words: plantation, vegetation management, competition, silviculture RÉSUMÉCet article aborde le large spectre des traitements sylvicoles utilisés pour maîtriser la végétation de compétition dans les plantations de conifères établies en forêt boréale au Canada. Nous présentons les diverses options sous l'aspect de leur efficacité, définie comme étant leur capacité (a) à maîtriser la végétation de compétition (b) sans causer de dommages aux conifères plantés. Les traitements considérés s' étendent des opérations pré-récolte (approches préventives) aux dégagements qui suivent la mise en terre des plants (approches réactives). Ils sont organisés en cinq catégories : (i) les systèmes sylvicoles et de récolte; (ii) les traitements physiques tels la préparation mécanique du terrain, la coupe, l'annelage et le broyage; (iii) les traitements thermiques tels le brûlage dirigé et le passage à la vapeur; (iv) les traitements culturaux tels la production des plants, l'utilisation de plantes de couverture et le broutement; et (v) la pulvérisation de produits chimiques ou biologiques. Nous avons basé notre évaluation de l' efficacité des traitements sur des revues de littérature déjà publiées, des opinions d' experts et la littérature scientifique récente. Nous concluons sur le besoin d'acquérir des connaissances concernant les stratégies de gestion de la végétation de compétition adaptées aux plantations multi-usages, dans lesquelles des objectifs écologiques et sociaux s'ajoutent à ceux de production de matière ligneuse.

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Section: Application Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

An Overview of The Efficacy of Vegetation Management Alternatives for Conifer Regeneration in Boreal Forests

Wiensczyk¹,

Swift²,

Morneault

et al. 2011

The Forestry Chronicle

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“…Yet, pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L. f.) seems to be another resistant species to C. purpureum as only 17% of the treated stumps were dead one year after the fungus treatment (Wall, 1990). For small-diameter paper birch, trembling aspen, and pin cherry stumps mortality is lower than mentioned above (Roy et al, 2010). However, the number of living stumps generally continues to decrease for two to four years after the treatment (Roy et al, 2010;Vartiamäki et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Short-term effects of mechanical and biological treatments onSorbus aucupariaL. sprouting in mesic forests in Finland

Hamberg

Vartiamäki

Malmivaara-Lämsä

et al. 2011

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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In reforestation areas in Finland, rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) can form dense thickets restricting the growth of commercially more valuable conifers. In this study we compared three different management methods to control excessive growth of rowan. These methods were traditional (mechanical cutting 10Á15 cm above ground level), 1 m cut height treatment (saplings were cut 1 m above ground level), and biological control (as traditional method, but freshly cut stumps were squirted with mycelium of a fungus, Chondrostereum purpureum [Pers. ex Fr.] Pouzar). The short-term results one year after the treatments revealed that biological control was the best way to restrict rowan sprouting as the proportion of dead stumps was highest. Furthermore, the number and height of stump sprouts were even two times lower in the biological control than in the mechanical treatments. Although the biological control had the highest number of root suckers, the total number of stump sprouts and root suckers together was indicatively lower than in the other methods (p B 0.10). Based on our results C. purpureum treatment seems promising. Yet, more efficient fungus strains and better methods to spread the fungus on stumps are needed before this method is applicable at commercial scale.

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“…It infects live trees, for example cultivated fruit ones and wild ones, causing bark necrosis (killing bark and cambium), and silver-leaf disease (de Jong et al 1990;Domański 1991;Butin 1995;de Jong 2000;Agrios 2005;Bailey and Mupondwa 2006). It is used for production of bioherbicide used to prevent the generation of sprouts in deciduous trees, among them Prunus serotina (i.e., Gosselin et al 1999;de Jong 2000;Becker et al 2005;Roy et al 2010). Towards the end of 1980s, it was found that after applying suspension containing mycelium of C. purpureum on cut stumps of black cherry, close to 90% of them died (Scheepens and Hoogerbrugge 1989).…”

Section: Colonization By Macrofungi On Mechanically Eliminated Black mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wojewoda 2003; Karasiński et al 2015). Fungus Chondrostereum purpureum is an exception as it is used in Western Europe for biological elimination of undesirable deciduous species, including black cherry (e.g., Van den Meersschaut and Lust 1997;de Jong 2000;Roy et al 2010). However, there are known observations, including those in the protection district Rózin of the KPN, where spontaneous occurrence of wood decaying fungi was confirmed (Namura-Ochalska and Borowa 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dynamics of sprouts generation and colonization by macrofungi of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. eliminated mechanically in the Kampinos National Park

Marciszewska

Szczepkowski

Otręba

et al. 2018

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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The experiment conducted in the Kampinos National Park since 2015 is aimed at investigating the relationship between the dynamics of black cherry sprouting response and the type and term of implementation of the mechanical elimination procedure. It also identifies macrofungi colonizing trees undergoing eradication. Three treatments, basal cut-stump, cutting (height: ca. 1 m) and girdling, were performed on 4 terms: early and late spring, summer and winter. Each variant was conducted within two plots, and applied to 25 trees, to 600 trees in total. For two consecutive vegetation seasons, sprouts were removed approximately every 8 weeks with the exception of winter-treated trees. Qualitative data were analysed, that is, the number of trees with and without sprouts at subsequent controls, and at the end of the second season, except winter-treated trees. Initially, almost 100% of the trees cut at the base and cut high responded by sprouting. The share of trees without sprouts gradually increased during the following vegetation season, from 3 rd to 5 th repetition of the sprouts removal, depending on the variant of experiment. Girdling contributed to a delay in sprouting. The effectiveness of procedures, expressed as share of trees without sprouts at the end of the second vegetation season, ranged widely (12%-84%), and depended statistically significantly on the date of the treatment. The effectiveness was higher for treatments done in early (average 68%) and late spring (average 74%), as compared to those done in summer (average 35%). Mycological research concerned 600 trees, including those treated in winter, without sprouts removal. Occurrence of 26 taxa of macrofungi was confirmed on 25% of trees; most of them having wood-decaying properties. Chondrostereum purpureum was most frequent, colonizing 9% of trees. Impact of plots varying soil moisture on succession and rate of fungi colonization, and on sprouting response dynamics requires further research.

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Biological control of intolerant hardwood competition: Silvicultural efficacy of Chondrostereum purpureum and worker productivity in conifer plantations

Cited by 28 publications

References 34 publications

An Overview of The Efficacy of Vegetation Management Alternatives for Conifer Regeneration in Boreal Forests

An Overview of The Efficacy of Vegetation Management Alternatives for Conifer Regeneration in Boreal Forests

Short-term effects of mechanical and biological treatments onSorbus aucupariaL. sprouting in mesic forests in Finland

The dynamics of sprouts generation and colonization by macrofungi of black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh. eliminated mechanically in the Kampinos National Park

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