Biological Control of White Rot of Onion (<i>Sclerotium cepivarum</i>) by <i>Coniothyrium minitans</i>

Ahmed, A. H. M.; Tribe, H. T.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1977.tb01027.x

Cited by 54 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…C. minitans filmcoating of seed naturally infected by S. sclerotiorum needs to be examined. This contrasts with experiments where application of C. minitans conidia to onion seeds using methyl cellulose sticker gave control of Allium white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum) equivalent to that provided by the then current chemical treatment with calomel (mercurous chloride) (Ahmed & Tribe, 1977). It has been suggested that inoculum potential of the pathogen might be the key to biocontrol (Adams, 1990;Huang, 1992;Deacon & Berry, 1993).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by film‐coating Coniothyrium minitans on to sunflower seed and sclerotia

McQuilken¹,

Budge²,

Whipps³

1997

Plant Pathology

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Conidia of the biological control agent, Coniothyrium minitans, were applied to uninfected and S. sclerotiorum-infected sunflower seeds and to sclerotia of two isolates of S. sclerotiorum by polymer filmcoating, using a fluidised-bed seed treater. Rates of 5 × 10 6 and 7-14 × 10 6 conidia per g of seed and sclerotia were obtained, respectively. The activity of C. minitans was compared to treatments with the fungicides thiram þ fenpropimorph and iprodione. In agar plate tests, C. minitans increased seed germination and decreased recovery of S. sclerotiorum from S. sclerotiorum-infected seeds. However, in seedling tests carried out in a potting compost-soil mix with S. sclerotiorum-infected seeds, C. minitans failed to increase survival of seedlings. A high and low rate of thiram þ fenpropimorph and a high rate of iprodione film-coated onto S. sclerotiorum-infected seeds gave consistently better results than C. minitans in these tests. The film-coating process slightly decreased the germination of C. minitans conidia recovered from sunflower seeds and sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum, but after storage for 1 year at 10ЊC C. minitans grew from more than 97% of seed and sclerotia, and the number of colony forming-units per g seed or sclerotia had declined by less than 1 log 10 unit. In agar plate tests, all fungicide treatments were more effective than C. minitans in delaying myceligenic germination of film-coated sclerotia, although for sclerotia of isolate JN1, all film-coatings were effective in decreasing the weight of sclerotia subsequently produced. With isolate SB, only the C. minitans treatment reduced subsequent sclerotial production. In glasshouse and field pot bioassays with sclerotia buried in soil for 20 and 34 weeks, respectively, C. minitans completely suppressed apothecial production and no sclerotia were recovered from the C. minitans treatment pots. C. minitans spread to infect sclerotia in other treatment pots. In these bioassays, both fungicides were less effective than C. minitans, even though apothecial production was almost completely inhibited and less than 10% of sclerotia were recovered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by film‐coating Coniothyrium minitans on to sunflower seed and sclerotia

McQuilken¹,

Budge²,

Whipps³

1997

Plant Pathology

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“…Coniothyrium mini tans Campbell, a known parasite of fungal sclerotia, has been shown to protect onion plants from S. cepivorum to the same extent as fungicide seed dressing with calomel in glasshouse trials (Ahmed & Tribe 1977). Other reported antagonists of S. cepivorum include Gliocladium roseum Bainier which inhibits the formation of sclerotia and parasitises mycelia and a number of Penicillium species which have been shown to inhibit the growth of S. cepivorum mycelium in vitro, producing inhibition zones (Ghaffar 1969;Utkhede & Rahe 1980).…”

Section: Received 4 February 1988; Accepted 3 August 1988mentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of fungal antagonists for biological control of onion white rot in New Zealand

Harrison

Stewart

1988

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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Six fungal species were selected from a total of 76 on the basis of their antagonism to the onion white rot pathogen, Sclerotium cepivorum, in dual culture. Gliocladium roseum, G. virens, Trichoderma viride and Coniothyrium minitans exhibited their antagonism by competing successfully with the pathogen for space and nutrients whilst Chaetomium globosum and Penicillium expansum released antibiotic substances into the agar medium which inhibited the growth of S. cepivorum at a distance. Four of the six test fungi were also able to colonise and degrade sclerotia of the pathogen. Gliocladium roseum was tolerant of the dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione, vinclozolin and procymidone. None of the antagonists were pathogenic on onion seedlings in vitro and they therefore show promise for use as biocontrol agents against onion white rot.

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“…In the same country, other workers found potential in Coniothyrium minitans for control of white rot equal to that provided by calomel, without the phyto-and environmental toxicity associated with that chemical's use (Ahmed and Tribe, 1977). Research in Canada has also suggested Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium nigricans may provide protection from white rot up to the level shown by industry standard fungicides like iprodione and vinclozolin (Utkhede and Rahe, 1980).…”

Section: Biological Control Of White Rotmentioning

confidence: 91%

White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk) - an aggressive pest of onion and garlic in Ethiopia: An overview

Amin¹,

Shiberu²,

Selvaraj³

2014

J. Agric. Biotech. Sustain. Dev.

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Allium crops are the most indispensable vegetable crops used as condiments in most Ethiopian cuisine. Among them, onion (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) rightly called as "queen of kitchen", belong to the family Alliaceae and considered as one of the most important vegetable and spice crops produced on large scale in Ethiopia, cultivated during dry and rainy seasons. The global pest, white rot, Sclerotium cepivorum Berk is one of the serious fungal disease reducing potential yields of onion and garlic crops in Ethiopia to a considerable degree. The development of this serious disease as depends on the environment, time and host plant, biological control; chemical and cultural practices, which are important in management of onion and garlic white rot disease. Therefore, in this paper attempts are made to collate information on pathogenicity of white rot to these two crops recorded in Ethiopia, their distribution, economic importance, damage and management options scattered over published and unpublished sources and avail them for use by researchers and development workers on white rot problem in the country. This paper is also believed to identify research gaps that need to be addressed.

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Biological Control of White Rot of Onion (Sclerotium cepivarum) by Coniothyrium minitans

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by film‐coating Coniothyrium minitans on to sunflower seed and sclerotia

Biological control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by film‐coating Coniothyrium minitans on to sunflower seed and sclerotia

Selection of fungal antagonists for biological control of onion white rot in New Zealand

White rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk) - an aggressive pest of onion and garlic in Ethiopia: An overview

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