Biological conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur

Basu, R.; Clausen, Edgar C.; Gaddy, J.L.

doi:10.1002/ep.670150412

Cited by 33 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Present investigation achieved one of highest loading rates as obtained by previous work of Janssen et al (14 kg/m 3 day) [33] who treated anaerobic effluents using sulfur sludge. Previous investigations achieved sulfide removal rates in the range of 70-99% [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], while the maximum sulfide and nitrite removal percentages for present study were 99.90 and 85.92%, respectively. Likewise, the influent sulfide concentration used previously were in the range of 1.0-294 mg/L [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] which are much lower than present work with a maximum sulfide concentration of 1920 mg/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…13.82 kg/m 3 day) were achieved for present investigation which can be compared with that obtained by earlier studies utilizing chemotrophic and phototrophic systems for treatment of synthetic effluents from H 2 S scrubber, anaerobic effluents and effluents of paper mills [1,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Present investigation achieved one of highest loading rates as obtained by previous work of Janssen et al (14 kg/m 3 day) [33] who treated anaerobic effluents using sulfur sludge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anoxic sulfide biooxidation using nitrite as electron acceptor

Mahmood

Zheng

Cai

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

141

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Biotechnology can be used to assess the well being of ecosystems, transform pollutants into benign substances, generate biodegradable materials from renewable sources, and develop environmentally safe manufacturing and disposal processes. Simultaneous elimination of sulfide and nitrite from synthetic wastewaters was investigated using a bioreactor. A laboratory scale anoxic sulfide-oxidizing (ASO) reactor was operated for 135 days to evaluate the potential for volumetric loading rates, effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and substrate concentration on the process performance. The maximal sulfide and nitrite removal rates were achieved to be 13.82 and 16.311 kg/(m3 day), respectively, at 0.10 day HRT. The process can endure high sulfide concentrations, as the sulfide removal percentage always remained higher than 88.97% with influent concentration up to 1920 mg/L. Incomplete sulfide oxidation took place due to lower consumed nitrite to sulfide ratios of 0.93. It also tolerated high nitrite concentration up to 2265.25mg/L. The potential achieved by decreasing HRT at fixed substrate concentration is higher than that by increasing substrate concentration at fixed HRT. The process can bear short HRT of 0.10 day but careful operation is needed. Nitrite conversion was more sensitive to HRT than sulfide conversion when HRT was decreased from 1.50 to 0.08 day. Stoichiometric analyses and results of batch experiments show that major part of sulfide (89-90%) was reduced by nitrite while some autooxidation (10-11%) was resulted from presence of small quantities of dissolved oxygen in the influent wastewater. There was ammonia amassing in considerably high amounts in the bioreactor when the influent nitrite concentration reached above 2265.25mg/L. High ammonia concentrations (200-550 mg/L) in the bioreactor contributed towards the overall inhibition of the process. Present biotechnology exhibits practical value with a high potential for simultaneous removal of nitrite and sulfide from concentrated wastewaters at shorter HRT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anoxic sulfide biooxidation using nitrite as electron acceptor

Mahmood

Zheng

Cai

et al. 2007

Journal of Hazardous Materials

141

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“…Biocatalytic treatment of sulfide is attractive due to its ability to operate the reaction in a "greener" manner [69]. Furthermore, sulfide is oxidized in a single-step reaction, catalyst regeneration is automatic, and there is no production of toxic wastes [70]. Sulfide oxidase is the key enzyme responsible for the bioconversion of sulfide to elemental sulfur [13].…”

Section: Abatement Of Sulfide-containing Waste Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds

Mohapatra¹,

Gould

Dinardo

et al. 2008

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Inorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized mostly to sulfate by microorganisms belonging to the bacteria and archaea domains. These microorganisms produce different types of enzymes, e. g., oxidoreductases and hydrolases for the metabolism of inorganic sulfur compounds. These versatile biocatalysts have potential biotechnological applications in different fields including biohydrometallurgical processes for recovering precious heavy metals and also for bioremediation of sulfides in industrial waste effluents. Appropriate knowledge on the enzymatic pathways of inorganic sulfur compounds oxidation will help to tailor the catalytic properties of these microorganisms so that they are optimal not only for a given reaction but also in the context of harsh industrial processes. This review describes the distribution of inorganic sulfur compound-oxidizing microorganisms, various enzymatic systems associated with sulfur metabolism, and identification of the gene(s) responsible for catalysis of different enzymatic reactions.

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“…-In most U.S. states, a sulphur recovery unit of 20 Itd or larger will require some form of tail gas cleanup.…”

Section: Claus Tail-gas Treatment Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of sulfur from sour acid gas: A review of the technology

Eow

2002

Environ. Prog.

172

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INTRODUCTIONSulfur is often considered one of the four basic raw materials in the chemical industry. It can be produced from various sources using many different methods, such as conventional mining methods, o r it can be recovered as a byproduct from sulfur removal and recovery processes [ll. However, changes worldwide have affected sulfur sources and the amounts consumed in the last 30 years [ l l . Recovered sulfur production has become more significant as sour feedstocks are increasingly utilized, and environmental laws on emissions and waste streams have continued to tighten worldwide [2, 31. For example, voluntary sulfur from the Frasch mining process supplied only 25% in 1995, compared to about 53% in 1980. Recovered sulfur increased from 5% of the total production in 1950, to 67% in 1996 111. Discovery and development of large sour natural gas fields in many countries have also been important factors in this rapid growth. Increased processing of sour crude oil and tighter pollution control has caused most refineries to recover the sulfur content of its crude oil.Historically, sulfur recovery processes focus on the removal and conversion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (S02) to elemental sulfur [4, 51, as these species represent the largest source of potential sulfur emission [61. H2S occurs naturally in many natural gas wells, and is produced in large quantities in the desulfurization of petroleum stocks [7-91. It has been considered a liability, which only occasionally can be an asset, depending on the international sulfur price [51. It has a high heating value, but its use as a fuel is not possible because one of its combustion products is S o l , which is not environmentally acceptable. Therefore, one of the immediate alternative routes for the utilization of H2S is to break it down to its constituent elements of hydrogen and sulfur [lo, 111. Various processes for the removal of SO, in the combustion gases have been reviewed [121. The majority of the processes are based on a throw-away process, in which alkali or alkali earth metal reacts with SO, to form metal sulfate 113-171. However, this approach results in the disposal of large quantities of sulfate waste materials. Direct catalytic oxidation of SO2 to SOg, and subsequent absorption of SO3 in water to produce sulfuric acid, is an alternative method [17, 181. This approach applies to process or combustion gases containing moderate to high concentrations of SO2. Copper smelters are the primary example. Currently the modified Claus technology is widely used, compared to other processes, to produce elemental sulfur from H2S present in gases from oil refineries, natural gas, coal gasification and other industries [9,[19][20][21][22][23] [3,23, 261. Figure 1 shows a simplified process diagram of a Claus plant. Acid gas contains HzS, C02 and H 2 0 as major components, and N 2 and hydrocarbons as minor components. Ammonia (NH3) is also present in sour water stripper gas [27, 281. The Claus furnace and the waste heat boiler are normally...

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Biological conversion of hydrogen sulfide into elemental sulfur

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Anoxic sulfide biooxidation using nitrite as electron acceptor

Anoxic sulfide biooxidation using nitrite as electron acceptor

An Overview of the Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of Microbial Oxidation of Inorganic Sulfur Compounds

Recovery of sulfur from sour acid gas: A review of the technology

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