Biological diversity in protected areas: Not yet known but already threatened

Rico-Sánchez, Axel Eduardo; Sundermann, Andrea; López‐López, Eugenia; Torres-Olvera, Martin Jonatan; Mueller, Sarah Ashley; Haubrock, Phillip J.

doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01006

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This information is integral for future planning and conservation endeavours as these species are disproportionately at risk (Arthrington et al 2016). Further, our data mirrors trends seen in other tropical protected areas, wherein the fish species diversity is as yet undescribed but under high potential risk (Rico-Sánchez et al 2020).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado

et al. 2020

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The Munim River basin is one of the main river drainages of the Hydrological unit Maranhão, but there are few published studies which focus on ichthyological surveys and taxonomic work within this basin. The present study aims to provide a fish species inventory of the Mata da Itamacaoca, one of the few urban protected areas from the upper Munim River basin, comparing the ichthyofauna with other lists by conducted at the upper Munim River basin. A total of 42 collection expeditions were conducted, the sampling was conducted at five collecting sites distributed within the boundaries of Mata de Itamacaoca, upper Munim River basin. Diversity indices were calculated and generalised linear models (GLMs) were employed to assess differences in species richness, diversity and evenness depending on season and location in relation to the reservoir dam wall. In order to visualize fish community differences, non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and a one-way PERMANOVA was used to understand whether factors of site, season and location to the dam wall had an effect on fish community compositions. A total of six orders, 13 families, and 23 fish species were found, and the order with the highest species richness, considering all reaches, was Characiformes followed by Cichliformes. The most abundant species was Nannostomus beckfordi, while Pimelodella parnahybae and Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus were the rarer species sampled. There were no alien invasive species collected within the study area. Species richness was significantly higher below the dam wall, but there were no other significant differences in diversity indices with regards to season or location. Fish community composition was significantly different above and below the dam wall and was significantly affected by sampling site. Season did not have an effect on fish community. This study corroborates other studies conducted in the Unidade Hidrológica Maranhão sensu Hubbert and Renno (2006), that the ichthyofaunal composition and taxonomy of species within this region face major data deficits, anthropogenic impacts, this study may be a baseline for comparing similar environments throughout the region.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado

et al. 2020

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“…This indicates that despite the increase in the extent of terrestrial PAs over the last decade (Jones et al, 2018;Watson, Dudley, Segan, & Hockings, 2014;Watson et al, 2011), PAs are generally not located in the most suitable or important sites to protect the endemic biota across region, leaving the overall conservation picture for birds in this region quite weak. This last scenario could be even more critical if we consider recent evidence that invasive species are present in PAs (Liu et al, 2020;Rico-Sánchez et al, 2020), which can directly and/or indirectly threaten the biota and ecosystem integrity. (Defourny et al, 2016;Hansen et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that despite the increase in the extent of terrestrial PAs over the last decade (Jones et al., 2018; Watson, Dudley, Segan, & Hockings, 2014; Watson et al., 2011), PAs are generally not located in the most suitable or important sites to protect the endemic biota across region, leaving the overall conservation picture for birds in this region quite weak. This last scenario could be even more critical if we consider recent evidence that invasive species are present in PAs (Liu et al., 2020; Rico‐Sánchez et al., 2020), which can directly and/or indirectly threaten the biota and ecosystem integrity. The Mesoamerican biota meet the main conditions of high vulnerability and extreme irreplaceability to be considered a global conservation priority (sensu Margules & Pressey, 2000), making well‐informed decisions are crucial for policymakers at both national and international scales to promote the long‐term conservation of biodiversity in this region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, we believe that conservation policymakers could use our results as clues to define where to implement future conservation plans, including the expansion of the PA network or other forms of protection. However, the PAs will benefit only by strengthening the capacity of local government to integrate voluntary conservation and development projects, best practices for land use planning and land use regulations that buffer PAs (e.g., Chazdon et al., 2009; Harvey et al., 2008), as well as preventing the introduction of non‐native species, strengthening environmental legislation and increasing the presence of authorities (Liu et al., 2020; Rico‐Sánchez et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Insights for protection of high species richness areas for the conservation of Mesoamerican endemic birds

Ramírez‐Albores

Prieto‐Torres

Gordillo‐Martínez

et al. 2020

Diversity and Distributions

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“…In an attempt to boost the productivity of local fisheries and aquaculture farms, Oreochromis species like the Nile tilapia (endemic only to Lake Tanganyika) have been introduced to non‐native habitats across the country often in an unregulated manner (Kajungiro, Mapenzi, et al, 2019). Recent studies posed concerns regarding the negative impact toward the local fish fauna due to the introduction of Nile tilapia to non‐native habitats (Gu et al, 2017; Padial et al., 2017; Rico‐Sánchez et al., 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the genetic diversity of farmed and wild Rufiji tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis urolepis) populations using ddRAD sequencing

Nyinondi

Mtolera

Mmochi

et al. 2020

Ecology and Evolution

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Rufiji tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis urolepis) is an endemic cichlid in Tanzania. In addition to its importance for biodiversity conservation, Rufiji tilapia is also attractive for farming due to its high growth rate, salinity tolerance, and the production of all‐male hybrids when crossed with Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The aim of the current study was to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of both wild and farmed Rufiji tilapia populations in order to inform conservation and aquaculture practices. Double‐digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA (ddRAD) libraries were constructed from 195 animals originating from eight wild (Nyamisati, Utete, Mansi, Mindu, Wami, Ruaha, Kibasira, and Kilola) and two farmed (Bwawani and Chemchem) populations. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 2,182) were used to investigate the genetic variation within and among the studied populations. Genetic distance estimates (Fst) were low among populations from neighboring locations, with the exception of Utete and Chemchem populations (Fst = 0.34). Isolation‐by‐distance (IBD) analysis among the wild populations did not detect any significant correlation signal (r = .05; p‐value = .4) between the genetic distance and the sampling (Euclidean distance) locations. Population structure and putative ancestry were further investigated using both Bayesian (Structure) and multivariate approaches (discriminant analysis of principal components). Both analysis indicated the existence of three distinct genetic clusters. Two cross‐validation scenarios were conducted in order to test the efficiency of the SNP dataset for discriminating between farmed and wild animals or predicting the population of origin. Approximately 95% of the test dataset was correctly classified in the first scenario, while in the case of predicting for the population of origin 68% of the test dataset was correctly classified. Overall, our results provide novel insights regarding the population structure of Rufiji tilapia and a new database of informative SNP markers for both conservation management and aquaculture activities.

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Biological diversity in protected areas: Not yet known but already threatened

Cited by 18 publications

References 39 publications

Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado

Ichthyofauna of the Mata de Itamacaoca, an urban protected area from the upper Munim River basin, Northern Brazilian Cerrado

Insights for protection of high species richness areas for the conservation of Mesoamerican endemic birds

Assessing the genetic diversity of farmed and wild Rufiji tilapia (Oreochromis urolepis urolepis) populations using ddRAD sequencing

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