Biological, ecological, conservation and legal information for all species and subspecies of Australian bird

Garnett, Stephen T.; Duursma, Daisy Englert; Ehmke, Glenn; Guay, Patrick Jean; Stewart, Alistair; Szabo, Judit K.; Weston, Michael A.; Bennett, Simon; Crowley, Gabriel; Drynan, David; Dutson, Guy; Fitzherbert, Kate; Franklin, Donald C.

doi:10.1038/sdata.2015.61

Cited by 84 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Including the geographical ranges of families (Australasian, Old World, New World, or worldwide) as character states in our New Zealand wrens* (2) pittas (33) broadbills (20) NW suboscines 11 families (1 282) core Corvoidea 28 families (801) Passerida 71 families (3 865) lyrebirds (2) scrubbirds (2) Australasian treecreepers* (7) bowerbirds (20) Australasian wrens (29) bristlebirds ( figure S2), so continuity of red or black triangles and bars in these groups should not imply monophyly of cup-or dome-nesting taxa. Numbers of species in each group are given in parentheses (based on IOC 6.1 [24]), and asterisks indicate families that are primarily cavity nesters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our survey included 315 extant species from 39 families known to breed in Australia and outlying islands [29], excluding introduced taxa and one poorly known native species Glycichaera fallax (electronic supplementary material, table S1). Although our focus on the Australian continent omitted some phylogenetically important taxa in other regions of Australasia (e.g.…”

Section: Methods (A) Scoring Nest Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Open cup nests evolved from roofed nests in the early passerines

Price

Griffith

2017

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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The architectural diversity of nests in the passerine birds (order Passeriformes) is thought to have played an important role in the adaptive radiation of this group, which now comprises more than half of avian species and occupies nearly all terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we present an extensive survey and ancestral state reconstruction of nest design across the passerines, focusing on early Australian lineages and including members of nearly all passerine families worldwide. Most passerines build open cup-shaped nests, whereas a minority build more elaborate domed structures with roofs. We provide strong evidence that, despite their relative rarity today, domed nests were constructed by the common ancestor of all modern passerines. Open cup nests evolved from enclosed domes at least four times independently during early passerine evolution, at least three of which occurred on the Australian continent, yielding several primarily cup-nesting clades that are now widespread and numerically dominant among passerines. Our results show that the ubiquitous and relatively simple cup-shaped nests of many birds today evolved multiple times convergently, suggesting adaptive benefits over earlier roofed designs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methods (A) Scoring Nest Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open cup nests evolved from roofed nests in the early passerines

Price

Griffith

2017

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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“…Species with ,50 breeding observations in at least one biome and those whose breeding habitats were limited to rocky coasts and islets, beaches, and mangroves according to Garnett et al (2015) were excluded. For Atlas occurrence records that did not include exact observation dates, but instead recorded the start and end dates of the survey, the date of observation was set to the mid-point of the survey and we excluded occurrences where the exact observation date was unknown and the surveys occurred over more than 10 days.…”

Section: Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lifehistory traits were extracted from the Handbook of Australian, New Zealand & Antarctic Birds (Marchant and Higgins 1990, Higgins and Davies 1996, Higgins 1999, Higgins et al 2001Higgins and Peter 2002), the online Handbook of Birds of the World (www.hbw.com, accessed April 2015 ), and Australian Bird Data Version 1 (Garnett et al 2015). Average clutch size is the number of eggs typically laid during one breeding event.…”

Section: First Egg-laying Datesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing opportunistic breeding at a continental scale using all available sources of phenological data: An assessment of 337 species across the Australian continent

Duursma

Gallagher

Griffith

2017

The Auk

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“…Species characteristic of open environments, and waterbirds, were excluded. Species habitat requirements-namely, an association with habitats characterised by woody vegetation-were confirmed using the Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds (as summarised by Garnett et al (2015)). …”

Section: Bird Data 332mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of vegetation clearing biases for the interpretation of landscape-scale species-area relationships

Simmonds¹

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Vegetation clearing results in the loss of species from landscapes. Indeed, the area of remaining native vegetation is an important determinant of species richness in humanmodified mosaics. Of interest to ecologists and landscape managers is the effect of areathat is, how the number of species a landscape supports changes with the amount of native vegetation, as revealed by the shape and functional form of the species-area relationship. Understanding this is vital for guiding conservation interventions such as setting limits to vegetation clearing or establishing revegetation targets.Crucially though, it is not only vegetation area that affects patterns of species richness at the landscape level-so do environmental attributes such as soil properties and topography. Complicating the matter is the fact that these attributes tend to be correlated ii Second, I explored the extent to which the effect of native vegetation area on species richness differed in 100 km 2 landscapes categorised by attributes such as soil fertility, range in elevation or matrix land use. Using a case study of south-east Australian birds, Ifound that the shape of the species-area relationship varied substantially depending on whether landscapes were, for example, more-or less-topographically variable, or had higher or lower soil fertility. While threshold models depicting a point of sudden change in the effect of area emerged consistently, the amount of vegetation corresponding with observed thresholds differed considerably among landscape types. Therefore, aggregating and analysing species-area data from different landscape types is likely to misrepresent how species richness is affected by vegetation area. This will be exacerbated by clearing biases, because heavily cleared landscapes tend to be characterised by very different attributes to high cover landscapes. When data for the entire study extent were analysed, a remarkable degree of scaleinvariance was observed-namely, a threshold relationship with a change-point at approximately 30% vegetation cover. However, when data were analysed for two regional subsets of the overall dataset, the effect of vegetation area, and the factors moderating this relationship, were scale-dependent. Given this finding, observed thresholds can only reliably be used to guide landscape management at the scale and in the region where the relationship was observed.Finally, I evaluated the implications of accounting for clearing biases when using speciesarea relationships to guide conservation, focussing on a region of Australia undergoing rapid landscape transformation. I found that using observed thresholds from species-area models that do and do not account for landscape attributes yielded different outcomes for landscape-scale species richness conservation, given a scenario of future vegetation loss.Specifically, the number and location of landscapes that could be prioritised for conservation actions varied considerably depending on the species-area model used.This research demonstrates that the eff...

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Biological, ecological, conservation and legal information for all species and subspecies of Australian bird

Cited by 84 publications

References 19 publications

Open cup nests evolved from roofed nests in the early passerines

Open cup nests evolved from roofed nests in the early passerines

Characterizing opportunistic breeding at a continental scale using all available sources of phenological data: An assessment of 337 species across the Australian continent

Implications of vegetation clearing biases for the interpretation of landscape-scale species-area relationships

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