Biological Effect of Resorbable Plates on Normal Osteoblasts and Osteoblasts Derived From Pfeiffer Syndrome

Abstract

Biodegradable fixation devices made of the polymers polylactide, polyglycolide and their copolymers are used routinely during maxillofacial, craniofacial, and orthopedic reconstructive surgical procedures, thanks to their property of biodegradation that avoid the need for implant removal. In particular, they are used in the treatment of craniosynostosis in pediatric patients affected by Pfeiffer syndrome, where the resorption time of 1 year or less does not interfere with the normal growth of the skull. To study the mechanism how polylactide-polyglycolide (PLPG) acid plates can induce osteoblast differentiation and proliferation in normal osteoblasts and in osteoblasts derived from a patient with Pfeiffer syndrome, the expression levels of bone-related genes were analyzed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Osteoblasts grown on the PLPG acid plates resulted in significant upregulation of mRNA expression of many genes related to osteodifferentiation during the treatment, indicating that polylactide, polyglycolide biopolymers enhance proliferation, differentiation, and deposition of matrix in osteoblasts. This study also revealed some differences in gene expression between normal osteoblasts and osteoblasts derived from patients with Pfeiffer syndrome, cultivated on PLPG acid plates.

Molecular mechanisms underlying nuchal hump formation in dolphin cichlid, Cyrtocara moorii

“…A chromosomal deletion encompassing btg3 gene in human has been shown to cause several developmental defects, including effects on the central nervous system and the size of facial elements including forehead, ears and nose 101 . On the other hand, non-functional mutation in fosl1 in human leads to mainly craniofacial skeletal defects, particularly phenotypes exhibiting fronto-orbital protrusion 102,103 . Moreover, overexpression of fosl1a in mice appeared to be suffcient to inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte cells, suggesting that its reduced expression in the nuchal hump might be required for the formation of a thicker subcutaneous adipocyte cell layer in this region 104 .…”

Midpalatal Suture Density Evaluation after Rapid and Slow Maxillary Expansion with a Low-Dose CT Protocol: A Retrospective Study

“…Maxillary expansion is a widely used orthodontic technique that enables the correction of transversal upper-arch deficiency [1,2], a condition which can be related to both genetic and environmental factors [3]. Genetic factors [4] account for narrow developed maxilla and/or wide mandible and maxillary deficiencies in cases of cleft lip and palate patients [5,6]. Environmental factors are related to mouth breathing, which is often associated with posterior nasal obstruction and oral habits [7,8].…”

WITHDRAWN: The effect of removable orthodontic appliances on oral microbiota: systematic review

“…Humans are not randomly colonized and the diverse community that makes up the oral microbiome is finely tuned by nature to protect against disease, and it is of great importance to maintain its natural diversity. This particular composition depends on numerous factors, some non-modifiable such as genetics, age, sex, change of dentition [6] and some modifiable, including stress, nutrition, dental treatment and diet of the individual [7][8][9].…”