Biological effects of amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation

Juutilainen, Jukka; Seze, René de

doi:10.5271/sjweh.317

Cited by 48 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The digital systems are mostly based on the harmonized European standard (GSM ¾ group spé ciale mobile), in which frequencies are allocated so that the analogue system can be transferred to digital systems if needed. Digital mobile telephones are pulse modulated (4).…”

Section: Technical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Mobile Phones Harmful?

Blettner

2000

Acta Oncologica

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Section: Technical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Mobile Phones Harmful?

Blettner

2000

Acta Oncologica

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“…Regarding exposure parameters, several authors just found biological effects when the ®eld was amplitude modulated, in comparison with the continuous wave radiation [Juutilainen and de Seze, 1998]. However, in the GSM systems [Mouly and Pautet, 1992], because of the time domain multiple access (TDMA) technique, the signal is both amplitude modulated (rectangular pulses, 217 Hz) and phase modulated by Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes following GMSK phase modulated microwave exposure

d’Ambrosio

Massa

Scarfì

et al. 2001

Bioelectromagnetics

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The present study investigated, using in vitro experiments on human lymphocytes, whether exposure to a microwave frequency used for mobile communication, either unmodulated or in presence of phase only modulation, can cause modification of cell proliferation kinetics and/or genotoxic effects, by evaluating the cytokinesis block proliferation index and the micronucleus frequency. In the GSM 1800 mobile communication systems the field is both phase (Gaussian minimum shift keying, GMSK) and amplitude (time domain multiple access, TDMA) modulated. The present study investigated only the effects of phase modulation, and no amplitude modulation was applied. Human peripheral blood cultures were exposed to 1.748 GHz, either continuous wave (CW) or phase only modulated wave (GMSK), for 15 min. The maximum specific absorption rate (approximately 5 W/kg) was higher than that occurring in the head of mobile phone users; however, no changes were found in cell proliferation kinetics after exposure to either CW or GMSK fields. As far as genotoxicity is concerned, the micronucleus frequency result was not affected by CW exposure; however, a statistically significant micronucleus effect was found following exposure to phase modulated field. These results would suggest a genotoxic power of the phase modulation per se.

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“…The possible nonthermal effects of weak RF fields are less well known. It has been speculated that the nonthermal effects of RF EMFs are linked to amplitude modulation, although the evidence for modulation specific effects is not strong [Juutilainen and de Seze, 1998]. Amplitude modulation is used to carry information in many radio communication systems, including digital mobile phones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells

Markkanen

Penttinen²,

Naarala

et al. 2004

Bioelectromagnetics

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The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure affects cell death processes of yeast cells. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells of the strains KFy417 (wild-type) and KFy437 (cdc48-mutant) were exposed to 900 or 872 MHz RF fields, with or without exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, and incubated simultaneously with elevated temperature (+37 degrees C) to induce apoptosis in the cdc48-mutated strain. The RF exposure was carried out in a special waveguide exposure chamber where the temperature of the cell cultures can be precisely controlled. Apoptosis was analyzed using the annexin V-FITC method utilizing flow cytometry. Amplitude modulated (217 pulses per second) RF exposure significantly enhanced UV induced apoptosis in cdc48-mutated cells, but no effect was observed in cells exposed to unmodulated fields at identical time-average specfic absorption rates (SAR, 0.4 or 3.0 W/kg). The findings suggest that amplitude modulated RF fields, together with known damaging agents, can affect the cell death process in mutated yeast cells. Bioelectromagnetics 25:127-133, 2004.

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Biological effects of amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation

Cited by 48 publications

References 46 publications

Are Mobile Phones Harmful?

Are Mobile Phones Harmful?

Cytogenetic damage in human lymphocytes following GMSK phase modulated microwave exposure

Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells

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