Biological evidence against the panspermia theory

Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation under extreme terrestrial and simulated extraterrestrial conditions

“…One theory behind these extraordinary resistances might be that they were adapted and developed by evolution in the pastwhen Earth was younger and other climatic and atmospheric conditions prevailed. Svante Arrhenius proposed the hypothesis in the early 1900s (Horneck, 2015) and found followers such as Stephen Hawking and other prominent scientists (Di Giulio, 2010). Astrobiology also investigates the survival of microorganisms in space, trying to simulate and analyze a possible transmission between celestial bodies, which would be in accordance with the Panspermia theory.…”