Biological evidence of a winter convection event in the South Adriatic: A phytoplankton maximum in the aphotic zone

Batistić, Mirna; Jasprica, Nenad; Carić, Marina; Čalić, Marijeta; Kovačević, Vedrana; Garić, Rade; Njire, Jakica; Mikuš, Josip; Bobanović-Ćolić, Svjetlana

doi:10.1016/j.csr.2011.01.004

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

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“…Owing to its geographical position, the eastern side of the South Adriatic exhibits great species richness, similar to the richer areas in the Western and Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Brugnano, Bergamasco, Granata, Guglielmo, & Zagami, ; Estrada, Vives, & Alcaraz, ; Furnestin, ; Licandro & Icardi, ; Scotto di Carlo et al., ; Siokou‐Frangou, Christou, Fragopoulu, & Mazzocchi, ). Compared to the most recent investigations of the winter mesozooplankton composition of the South Adriatic (Batistić et al., , ), a considerably greater number of hydromedusae, siphonophorae calycophores and calanoid copepod species was found. Although the greatest number of taxa was found in the 100–300 m layer, owing to the decline in stock density Margalef's species richness was highest in the layer below (300–600 m).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…The South Adriatic is inhabited by almost the entire Adriatic copepod fauna whose characteristics are low density, high species diversity and low, almost homogenous, abundance of a considerable number of oceanic copepods, whose population density in general decreases with depth (Hure, Ianora, & Scotto di Carlo, 1980;Hure & Kršinić, 1998). Recent data on the South Adriatic crustacean plankton, especially below the euphotic layer, are rather scarce (Batistić et al, 2012;Gangai, Lučić, Morović, Brautović, & Miloslavić, 2012;Miloslavić et al, 2012). Data for larger non-crustacean zooplankton in this area often deal only with restricted groups of species, such as hydromedusae (Benović & Lučić, 1996), calycophorae (Gamulin & Kršinić, 2000), or overall gelatinous invertebrate zooplankton (Batistić, Jasprica, Carić, & Lučić, 2007;Batistić et al, 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016)

et al. 2018

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Whereas the data on mesozooplankton in the epipelagic offshore Mediterranean Sea are extensive, less information is available about plankton in the deeper layers. The present study aims to describe the vertical and horizontal structure and distribution of mesozooplankton species and their associations down to 1,200 m in the water of the Southern Adriatic Sea. Zooplankton were sampled using a Nansen net of 200‐μm mesh size during two cruises in the winters of 2015 and 2016, extending from the coast to the open sea. In total, 203 zooplankton taxa were identified. The community was dominated by copepods, representing between 67% and 91% of the total abundance. The highest total densities were recorded in the upper layers where a high proportion (up to 36%) of appendicularians was also observed in the first sampled year. Five groups of samples were determined based on their community structure. In 2015 communities were distinct between the 0 and 50 m layer and the underlying one (50–100 m), whereas in 2016 epipelagic waters were inhabited by a more uniform mesozooplankton community. The mesopelagic and deep‐water fauna, especially copepods, showed a relatively stable composition in both sampling years Overall, our study confirms the oligotrophic character of the Southern Adriatic, with occasional density outbreaks of appendicularians under favourable conditions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

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confidence: 99%

Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016)

et al. 2018

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“…The past 50 years have seen comprehensive work on the composition, abundance, and vertical distribution of net zooplankton captured by opening-closing nets of various mesh sizes: 53 μm (Kršinić, 1998;Grbec, 2002, 2006;Benović et al, 2005) or 100 μm (Shmeleva and Kovalev, 1974) for microzooplankton, and 200 or 250 μm for mesozooplankton (Hure, 1955;Hure et al, 1980;Hure and Kršinić, 1998;Benović et al, 2005;Batistić et al, 2012). These studies generally confirmed expectations regarding the oligotrophy of the open southern Adriatic and began to catalogue broad patterns in its species diversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Picophytoplankton dominates the phytoplankton community in the southern Adriatic and appears to be its main primary producer (Najdek et al, 2014;Babić et al, 2017), while microphytoplankton production is restricted to coastal waters, the deep chlorophyll maximum, and periods during or following winter convection (Gačić et al, 2002;Batistić et al, 2012;Cerino et al, 2012;Ljubimir et al, 2017). Winters in the southern Adriatic are characterized by convection events and vertical mixing that recur regularly, supporting the nutrient enrichment of the surface waters that enhances phytoplankton development (Batistić et al, 2012, Ljubimir et al, 2017. Although convective mixing may be undetected due to its short duration, its consequences in phytoplankton abundance and Chl a concentration in the surface waters as well as in deeper layers are evident (Ljubimir et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unusual winter zooplankton bloom in the open southern Adriatic Sea

Ljubešić¹,

Babić²,

Bosak³

et al. 2017

Turk J Zool

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The paper reports an unusual response of the microzooplankton community to oceanographic conditions observed during the winter of 2015 in the open southern Adriatic. Record-breaking nauplii abundance of 13,734 ind. m -3 was sampled for the open southern Adriatic by 50-µm net sampling. This could be explained by (i) warmer-than-usual surface and intermediate ocean temperatures, (ii) higher precipitation that freshened and widened the surface layer, pushing saline Levantine Intermediate Water below a 400-m depth, and (iii) strong wind episodes that transported nutrients from the coastal zone to the open ocean and induced limited vertical mixing. Neritic tintinnids and viable photoautotrophs well below the photic zone support the last possibility. Average seasonal maximum of zooplankton abundance was shifted from spring and early summer to the late winter months. Our results document large and fast variations in production conditions rarely found to occur in oligotrophic waters such as the southern Adriatic Sea.

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“…Deep winter convective mixing was shown to shape the community structure via the transport of nutrients, i.e., phosphorus and nitrogen, to the euphotic zone, consequently triggering blooms of photosynthetic microorganisms in early spring (17). For the southern part of the Adriatic, total prokaryotic picoplankton abundances were determined during the winter convection episode in 2008, but no diversity estimation was provided (18,19). Also, several studies have reported on seasonal changes in picoplankton heterotrophic production and bacterial community metabolic capacity, suggesting the importance and influence of the deep convection event intensity on the annual cycle and productivity of this area (20,21).…”

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confidence: 99%

Bacterial Diversity in the South Adriatic Sea during a Strong, Deep Winter Convection Year

Korlević

Ristova

Garić

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The South Adriatic Sea is the deepest part of the Adriatic Sea and represents a key area for both the Adriatic Sea and the deep eastern Mediterranean. It has a role in dense water formation for the eastern Mediterranean deep circulation cell, and it represents an entry point for water masses originating from the Ionian Sea. The biodiversity and seasonality of bacterial picoplankton before, during, and after deep winter convection in the oligotrophic South Adriatic waters were assessed by combining comparative 16S rRNA sequence analysis and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). The picoplankton communities reached their maximum abundance in the spring euphotic zone when the maximum value of the chlorophyll a in response to deep winter convection was recorded. The communities were dominated by Bacteria, while Archaea were a minor constituent. A seasonality of bacterial richness and diversity was observed, with minimum values occurring during the winter convection and spring postconvection periods and maximum values occurring under summer stratified conditions. The SAR11 clade was the main constituent of the bacterial communities and reached the maximum abundance in the euphotic zone in spring after the convection episode. Cyanobacteria were the second most abundant group, and their abundance strongly depended on the convection event, when minimal cyanobacterial abundance was observed. In spring and autumn, the euphotic zone was characterized by Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria. Bacteroidetes clades NS2b, NS4, and NS5 and the gammaproteobacterial SAR86 clade were detected to co-occur with phytoplankton blooms. The SAR324, SAR202, and SAR406 clades were present in the deep layer, exhibiting different seasonal variations in abundance. Overall, our data demonstrate that the abundances of particular bacterial clades and the overall bacterial richness and diversity are greatly impacted by strong winter convection.

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Biological evidence of a winter convection event in the South Adriatic: A phytoplankton maximum in the aphotic zone

Cited by 40 publications

References 46 publications

Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016)

Mesozooplankton spatial distribution and community structure in the South Adriatic Sea during two winters (2015, 2016)

Unusual winter zooplankton bloom in the open southern Adriatic Sea

Bacterial Diversity in the South Adriatic Sea during a Strong, Deep Winter Convection Year

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