Biological features of hepatitis B virus isolates from patients based on full‐length genomic analysis

Abstract

The mechanisms for HBV persistence and the pathogenesis of chronic HB have been shown mainly due to defects in host immune responses. However, HBV isolates with different biological features may also contribute to different clinical outcomes and epidemiological implications in viral hepatitis B (HB). This review presents interesting biological features of HBV isolates based on the structural and functional analysis of full-length HBV isolates from various patients. Among isolates from children after failure of HB vaccination, 129L mutant at the 'a' determinant was found with normal binding efficiency to anti-HBs, but with reduced immunogenicity, which could initiate persistent HBV infections. Isolates from fulminant hepatitis (FH) B patients were not all highly replicative, but differences in capacities of anti-HBs induction could be involved in the pathogenesis of FH. The high replicative competency of isolates from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients could result in enhanced immune-mediated cytopathic effects against HBV viral proteins, and increased transactivating activity by the X protein. The mechanism of a double-spliced variant in enhancing replication of the wild-type virus is presented. The importance of integrating structural and functional analysis to reveal biological features of HBV isolates in viral pathogenesis is discussed.

Fulminant hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in an infant following mother-to-child transmission of an e-minus HBV mutant: Time to relook at HBV prophylaxis in South African infants

“…As for HIV, the greatest risk of HBV transmission is during birth and this is when transmission probably occurred in this case. [23] The infant received his first dose of HBV vaccine at 6 weeks of age and the second, just days before the clinical presentation, too late to prevent transmission. Viruses from breakthrough infections that occur in infants who have received HBV immunoglobulin or vaccine at birth frequently have mutations that alter the antigenicity of the major neutralising domain of the viral HBsAg, in the so-called 'a' determinant.…”

Miocarditis en la infección viral del dengue en pediatría.

“…Debido a las dificultades para estudiar la progresión de la enfermedad en los pacientes y la falta de un modelo fiable, la mayoría en datos in vivo se derivan de muestras de sangre y autopsias post-mortem. Por lo tanto, el Universidad de Manizales -Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud grado en que la célula endotelial desarrolla el choque sigue siendo debatible [23]. El aumento de la permeabilidad capilar que se produce en algunos pacientes, puede causar hipovolemia y choque [1].…”

“…La identificación del tropismo tisular de DENV, por medio de IHC e hibridación in situ se realiza sobre muestras de tejido y sangre de pacientes con infección confirmada serológicamente o virológicamente [23]. El antígeno viral es detectado en el hígado, en la célula de Kupffer y endotelial sinusoidal, en macrófagos y células linfoides en el bazo, en macrófagos y endotelio vascular en el pulmón, en los túbulos renales, monocitos y linfocitos [34].…”

“…En un estudio realizado en los tejidos de niños que murieron por la infección, no se detectaron antígenos DENV en las células endoteliales [35]. Por el contrario, las muestras de tejido de cuatro casos fatales en Brasil, mostraron replicación DENV-3 en las células mencionadas además en los hepatocitos, neumocitos tipo II, fibras cardiacas, y células endoteliales [23]. En el corazón se evidencian áreas focales con infiltrados de células mononucleares.…”

Development of a genome-informed loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and specific detection of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria

“…The outer primer (F3 or B3) secondarily hybridizes to its priming site (F3c or B3c) on the target DNA and initiates synthesis of a new complementary sequence that displaces the DNA sequences extended from the inner primer. The outcome is a DNA sequence which can form stem-loop structures at both ends 27 , 28 . Inclusion of internal loop primers (LF and LB) accelerate the LAMP reaction and further reduce the total reaction time 27 .…”