Biological fixed‐film systems

Nutrients Removal from Domestic Wastewater in Basrah City (Southern Iraq) using Combined A2/O Bio Contact Oxidation Technology

“…Bio-contact oxidation technologies (Fixed biofilm reactors, Membrane reactors, Moving bed biofilm reactors, and Hybrid reactors) was introduced in order to face all the challenges in the conventional activated sludge processes. The process of biofilm was proved to be more dependable than suspended growth systems for both nitrogen and organic carbon removal without any problems in the system of suspended growth, and the effective cost of the nitrogen removal can be achieved by using biofilm reactors in compact form [4,5] .There are many researchers investigating the ability of the biofilm processes to treating wastewater, they concluded that the main disadvantage of this process is the possibility of obstruction of the biofilm media [6][7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

Effect of Gas/Water Ratio on the Performance of Combined Cylindrical Anoxic/Aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors for Biological Nutrients Removal from Domestic Wastewater by Fully Nitrification-Denitrification Processes

“…A biofilm process, which may be compact, is the one based on submerged biological filters. There are many reports concerning the possibility of biofilm process for treating wastewater, but the disadvantage of this system is the possibility of clogging of the biofilm media (Chen et al, 1995;Al-Ghusain et al, 1994;Halling and Jorgensen, 1993;Huang et al, 1992;Rusten et al, 1994Rusten et al, , 1996Rusten et al, , 2000.…”