Biological flora of Central Europe: Leucojum aestivum L.

Parolo, Gilberto; Abeli, Thomas; Rossi, Graziano; Dowgiallo, G.; Matthies, Diethart

doi:10.1016/j.ppees.2011.05.004

Cited by 22 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…It was treated by Watson (1849) as a denizen, a view shared by other early Victorians; by Dunn (1905) as a native with some hesitation; and by all recent floras as a native. Its European range has its centre in south-eastern Europe, from Italy to the Black Sea with outliers in southern France, and then, what Parolo et al (2011) called synanthropic occurrences, in Holland and in the British Isles.…”

Section: Leucojum Aestivumsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…aestivum, once separated from the unquestionably alien subsp. pulchellum) mirrors that of its core native range: alluvial habitats near rivers, usually rich in nitrates (Parolo et al, 2011). Its distribution and history in Britain and Ireland has been covered by Farrell (1979Farrell ( , 1982.…”

Section: Leucojum Aestivummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its distribution and history in Britain and Ireland has been covered by Farrell (1979Farrell ( , 1982. The recent Biological Flora by Parolo et al (2011) gives much habitat and historical information, including the first available map of its world-wide distribution (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Leucojum Aestivummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is absent from West Germany (Haupler & Schonfelder, 1989). Parolo et al (2011) showed it as absent from all the great river systems of France and Germany, with exceptions from a short stretch of the Loire and the mouth of the Gironde in France, yet Bonnier & Douin (1911-1935 claimed it as undoubtedly naturalised in the first area and doubtfully native in the second.…”

Section: Leucojum Aestivummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late-discovered petaloid monocotyledons: separating the native and alien flora

Pearman

2013

New Journal of Botany

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The criteria that might help in assessing native or alien status are set out and any recent developments noted. The major change has been a better understanding of north-western European distribution and alien plant occurrences, mainly through the production of dot-map floras. Six petaloid monocotyledons are examined -all well-known and long-grown garden plants, and all with not only a late discovery, but also with a subsequent almost immediate clumping of records from a number of counties. This is contrasted with the discovery and traits of species of similar broad habitats in the same counties, which were almost entirely found much earlier. Two probably alien species, Leucojum aestivum and Muscari neglectum, are examined in depth, and the history of their discovery contrasted with a certainly native third, Allium schoenoprasum. The advantages and disadvantages of using just the first date of discovery as a criterion for native or alien status are noted, as well as the perceived lack of any change in public attitudes towards alien plants. A significant improvement in the numbers of species covered in popular, keyed, floras, since 1990 has led, in turn, to a rapid increase in the number of recorders dealing with them and an equally rapid increase in records. This has complicated our understanding of the perceived threat to the native flora from alien species. Progress in Europe is noted and it is questioned whether there is the same concern there with the assignment of species to native and alien categories.

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Section: Leucojum Aestivumsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Leucojum Aestivummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leucojum Aestivummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Leucojum Aestivummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Late-discovered petaloid monocotyledons: separating the native and alien flora

Pearman

2013

New Journal of Botany

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“…Razadyne R (formerly Reminyl R ) and Nivalin R for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, poliomyelitis, and other neurological diseases [12]. Although chemical synthesis of galanthamine has been successfully performed [13], the main commercial sources for the production of the galanthamine are both daffodils (Narcissus) and snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) [4,14]. Since 1989, prescription regime of the utilization of L. aestivum L. has been imposed and, from these perspectives, galanthamine production from in vitro cultures is considered as an attractive alternative.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivumL. shoot culture in a modified bubble column bioreactor with internal sections

Georgiev

Ivanov

Berkov

et al. 2012

Engineering in Life Sciences

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Shoot culture of summer snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.) was successfully cultivated in an advanced modified glass‐column bioreactor with internal sections for production of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. The highest amounts of dry biomass (20.8 g/L) and galanthamine (1.7 mg/L) were achieved when shoots were cultured at 22°C and 18 L/(L·h) flow rate of inlet air. At these conditions, the L. aestivum shoot culture possessed mixotrophic‐type nutrition, synthesizing the highest amounts of chlorophyll (0.24 mg/g DW (dry weight) chlorophyll A and 0.13 mg/g DW chlorophyll B). The alkaloids extract of shoot biomass showed high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 = 4.6 mg). The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) profiling of biosynthesized alkaloids revealed that galanthamine and related compounds were presented in higher extracellular proportions while lycorine and hemanthamine‐type compounds had higher intracellular proportions. The developed modified bubble‐column bioreactor with internal sections provided conditions ensuring the growth and galanthamine production by L. aestivum shoot culture.

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Do Vermicompost Applications Improve Growth Performance, Pharmaceutically Important Alkaloids, Phenolic Content, Free Radical Scavenging Potency and Defense Enzyme Activities in Summer Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?

Cimen,

Baba,

Yildirim

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Leucojum aestivum L. contains galanthamine and lycorine, which are two pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids. Vermicompost (VC), an organic waste product created by earthworms enhances soil quality and can improve the medicinal quality of the plant that is crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of four different VC concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 25 %, and 50 %) on L. aestivum growth parameters, alkaloid levels (galanthamine and lycorine), total phenol‐flavonoid content, free radical scavenging potential, and defense enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) compared to control (no VC). The width, length, and fresh weight of the leaves were improved by 10 % VC treatment. The highest total phenolic content was found in the bulbs and leaves treated with 50 % VC. HPLC‐DAD analysis of alkaloids showed that 10 % and 50 % VC treatments contained the most galanthamine in the bulb and leaf extracts, respectively. The application of 25 % VC was the most efficient in terms of lycorine content in both extracts. CAT activity was elevated at 10 %, 25 %, and 50 % VC. Based on the growth performance and galanthamine content of the bulbs and leaves, it can be concluded that a 10 % VC application was the most effective in the cultivation of L. aestivum.

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Biological flora of Central Europe: Leucojum aestivum L.

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Late-discovered petaloid monocotyledons: separating the native and alien flora

Late-discovered petaloid monocotyledons: separating the native and alien flora

Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivumL. shoot culture in a modified bubble column bioreactor with internal sections

Do Vermicompost Applications Improve Growth Performance, Pharmaceutically Important Alkaloids, Phenolic Content, Free Radical Scavenging Potency and Defense Enzyme Activities in Summer Snowflake (Leucojum aestivum L.)?

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