Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil composition

Verzera, Antonella; Trozzi, Alessandra; Dugo, Giacomo; Bella, Giuseppa Di; Cotroneo, Antonella

doi:10.1002/ffj.1348

Cited by 72 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Limonene constitutes more than 90% of the essential oil extracted from orange peel, but this percentage decreases for lemon to values slightly below 70% [11,44]. Considering these high contents of limonene in the essential oils of lemon and orange, it is easy to deduce that the Raman spectra of these essential oils are dominated by Raman bands of limonene.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry

Jentzsch

Ramos²,

Ciobotă³

2015

Cosmetics

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Essential oils are highly appreciated by the cosmetics industry because they have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, among others. Since essential oils are natural products, their inclusion in cosmetic formulations is a common practice. Currently, low-quality and/or adulterated essential oils can be found on the market; therefore, analytical methods for control are required. Raman spectroscopy is a versatile technique that can be used for quality control tasks; the portability of modern devices expand the analytical possibilities also to in situ measurements. Fifteen essential oils of interest for the cosmetics industry were measured using a handheld Raman spectrometer, and the assignment of the main bands observed in their average spectra was proposed. In most cases, it is possible to distinguish the essential oils by a simple visual inspection of their characteristic Raman bands. However, for essential oils extracted from closely-related vegetable species and containing the same main component in a very high proportion, the visual inspection of the spectra may be not enough, and the application of chemometric methods is suggested. Characteristic Raman bands for each essential oil can be used to both identify the essential oils and detect adulterations. OPEN ACCESSCosmetics 2015, 2 163

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry

Jentzsch

Ramos²,

Ciobotă³

2015

Cosmetics

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“…Many studies showed the common volatile compounds in lemon. Several studies showed that the main volatile compounds in lemon essential oil were monoterpenes, such as limonene, γ-terpinene and β-myrcene (Fan et al, 2009a;Verzera et al, 2004). Limonene was the most abundant compound in lemon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Free and Bound Volatile Compounds in Juice and Peel of Eureka Lemon

Zhong

Ren

Chen

et al. 2014

FSTR

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Free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds in different parts of Eureka lemon were studied. Free volatile compounds were extracted by solid phase microextraction (SPME). Bound volatile compounds were isolated from juice by adsorption onto an Amberlite XAD-2 column, and then hydrolyzed by almond β-glucosidase. Both the free volatile compounds and the released aglycones were analyzed by using gas chromatography-mass spectromerty (GC-MS). Gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) was also used to determine the aroma-active compounds in juice and peel. Totally 29 and 34 free volatiles were found in juice and peel, respectively. Terpenes and aldehydes were the most abundant compounds in free fractions. Four and six bound volatile compounds were found in juice and peel with a total concentration of 127.8 and 1161.52 μg/L. Benzenic and terpenic compounds were the main bound volatiles found in Eureka lemon fruit. Mannose and glucose were found as sugar moiety in juice, and glucose was found the only sugar linked to bound volatiles in peel.Keywords: eureka lemon, volatile compounds, glycosides, enzymatic hydrolysis, aroma active compounds IntroductionEureka lemon originated in America and grew widely under tropical and sub-tropical climatic conditions, including many countries such as Australia, Israel and southern China. It is a common lemon species in the world (Ford, 1942). It is called "the true 'better' lemon" and has large quantity of juice and acid content.Eureka lemon has not been got much attention. The fruit is elliptic in shape, bright yellow and medium thickness of the skin.It is more acidic than Meyer lemon, its peel is thicker, and also the juice is less than Lisbon lemon, a lemon similar to Eureka lemon.Generally speaking, Meyer lemon and Lisbon lemon are more used as juice production, cooking and eating. But the characters of Eureka lemon make it better to be a good material to produce essential oil and other aroma products. The luxuriant aroma compounds of lemon are applied in many fields. d-Limonene plays a potential role in preventing breast cancer (Miller et al., 2011), and the antioxidant activity of lemon essential oils has been confirmed (Di et al., 2010). Lemon products are also important for food industry and health care (González-Molina et al., 2010).Volatile compounds in Meyer lemon (Moshonas et al., 1972), Italian lemon (Allegrone et al., 2006) and petitgrain Eureka lemon essential oil (Baaliouamer et al., 1985) have been reported, except Eureka lemon. Many studies showed the common volatile compounds in lemon. Several studies showed that the main volatile compounds in lemon essential oil were monoterpenes, such as limonene, γ-terpinene and β-myrcene (Fan et al., 2009a;Verzera et al., 2004). Limonene was the most abundant compound in lemon. Additionally, aldehydes, ketones and esters were the other important volatile compounds in lemon (Lota et al., 2004;Moufida et al., 2003). The free volatile compounds and particular character compounds of Eureka lemon have not been reported yet. The boun...

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“…Citrus essential oil is generally used as aromatising agent and additive for food and food-derived products, beverages, cosmetics and in some pharmaceuticals. In this sample extract is possible to incur into the presence of organic and inorganic contaminants, as well documented by the presence of pesticide residues Verzera et al, 2004) and plasticizers (Di Bella et al, 1999Saitta et al, 1997); however, there is a needs of available data regarding the presence of heavy metals in this products. Some reports concerning the microelements composition of Citrus peel extracts were published (Gorinstein et al, 2001;Simpkins et al, 2000).…”

Section: Citrus Essential Oil Heavy Metal Composition -Food Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, Verzera and coworkers (Verzera et al, 2004) showed that there are great differences between lemon biological oils and traditional ones inherent the organophosphorus pesticide content.…”

Section: Citrus Essential Oil Heavy Metal Composition -Food Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Methods and Phytochemistry of the Typical Italian Liquor "Limoncello": A Review

Locatelli¹,

Carlucci²,

Genovese³

et al. 2012

Phytochemicals - A Global Perspective of Their Role in Nutrition and Health

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Biological lemon and sweet orange essential oil composition

Cited by 72 publications

References 7 publications

Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry

Handheld Raman Spectroscopy for the Distinction of Essential Oils Used in the Cosmetics Industry

Free and Bound Volatile Compounds in Juice and Peel of Eureka Lemon

Analytical Methods and Phytochemistry of the Typical Italian Liquor "Limoncello": A Review

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