Biological low-dose radiation effects

Oftedal, Per

doi:10.1016/0165-1110(91)90009-k

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The magnitude of our findings are, however, consistent with Oftedal's study of school performance and fallout from weapons tests [Oftedal, 1989[Oftedal, , 1991. He found that among Norwegian children born in 1965, those most likely irradiated at post-ovulatory age 8-15 weeks (from U.S. atmospheric nuclear tests) performed worse in grades 7 and 9 in tests of Norwegian, English and Mathematics.…”

Section: Summary Discussion and Future Worksupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Other than the possibility of a stronger dose-response relationship at very low doses [Oftedal, 1991], it can be noted that external radiation was more important in the A-bomb cases, whereas internal irradiation (more noxious, e.g. Busby and Fucic [2006]) is likely to have been more important in the case of fallout from atmospheric nuclear tests and the Chernobyl accident.…”

Section: Summary Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chernobyl's Subclinical Legacy: Prenatal Exposure to Radioactive Fallout and School Outcomes in Sweden

Almond

Edlund

Palme

2007

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Japanese atomic bomb survivors irradiated 8-25 weeks after ovulation subsequently suffered reduced IQ [Otake and Schull, 1998]. Whether these findings generalize to low doses (less than 10 mGy) has not been established. This paper exploits the natural experiment generated by the Chernobyl nuclear accident in April 1986, which caused a spike in radiation levels in Sweden. In a comprehensive data set of 562,637 Swedes born 1983-1988, we find that the cohort in utero during the Chernobyl accident had worse school outcomes than adjacent birth cohorts, and this deterioration was largest for those exposed approximately 8-25 weeks post conception. Moreover, we find larger damage among students born in regions that received more fallout: students from the eight most affected municipalities were 3.6 percentage points less likely to qualify to high school as a result of the fallout. Our findings suggest that fetal exposure to ionizing radiation damages cognitive ability at radiation levels previously considered safe.

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Section: Summary Discussion and Future Worksupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Summary Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chernobyl's Subclinical Legacy: Prenatal Exposure to Radioactive Fallout and School Outcomes in Sweden

Almond

Edlund

Palme

2007

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“…The first step involves interactions between radiation and the cellular environment. These consist of physical and chemical reactions, which produce ions, excited molecules and radical species [4]. Excitations and ionizations are followed by a chemical thermal equilibrium of the species produced.…”

Section: Biological Effects Of Ionizing Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers for human radiation exposure

Chaudhry

2008

J Biomed Sci

101

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There is a concern over the potential use of radioactive isotopes as a weapon of terror. The detonation of a radiation dispersal device, the so-called "dirty bomb" can lead to public panic. In order to estimate risks associated with radiation exposure, it is important to understand the biological effects of radiation exposure. Based on this knowledge, biomarkers to monitor potentially exposed populations after a radiological accident can be developed and would be extremely valuable for emergency response. While the traditional radiation exposure biomarkers based on cytogenetic assays serve as standard, the development of rapid and noninvasive tests for radiation exposure is needed. The genomics based knowledge is providing new avenues for investigation. The examination of gene expression after ionizing radiation exposure could serve as a potential molecular marker for biodosimetry. Microarray based studies are identifying new radiation responsive genes that could potentially be used as biomarkers of human exposure to radiation after an accident.

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“…Effects on the immune system have been reported in children in the Chernobyl-affected territories [2,22,23,32], and IQ and brain developmental problems [27, and see e.g. 33].…”

Section: Toxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%