2016
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2016.1190867
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Biological markers for anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD: A consensus statement. Part II: Neurochemistry, neurophysiology and neurocognition

Abstract: Although at present, none of the putative biomarkers is sufficient and specific as a diagnostic tool, an abundance of high quality research has accumulated that should improve our understanding of the neurobiological causes of anxiety disorders, OCD and PTSD.

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Cited by 268 publications
(190 citation statements)
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References 518 publications
(618 reference statements)
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“…80 No changes in BDNF levels were found in a sufficiently large sample of patients with different anxiety disorders, including GAD. 95 However, a small study comparing patients with GAD or MDD with healthy subjects showed doubled plasma levels of BDNF and artemin, a glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor family member, in GAD patients compared with normal controls, whereas depressed patients showed a reduction.…”
Section: Neurochemical Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 96%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…80 No changes in BDNF levels were found in a sufficiently large sample of patients with different anxiety disorders, including GAD. 95 However, a small study comparing patients with GAD or MDD with healthy subjects showed doubled plasma levels of BDNF and artemin, a glial-cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor family member, in GAD patients compared with normal controls, whereas depressed patients showed a reduction.…”
Section: Neurochemical Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…However, drawing inferences from the neurochemical composition of plasma on the processes in the brain is not straightforward. 80 Moreover, only a few studies have been conducted on plasma-based pathogenetic and/or treatment predictors in GAD, indicating the further need to explore such potentially valuable approaches. So far, the studies measuring 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, also called serotonin)-related biomarkers have found decreased platelet 5-HT-reuptake-site binding in GAD patients, 81 but unchanged 5-HT binding in lymphocytes as compared with controls.…”
Section: Neurochemical Biomarkersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5-HT is a monoamine neurotransmitter produced in serotonergic neurons that project from the dorsal raphe nucleus in the brainstem. It plays a role in the pathogenesis of major depression, bipolar disorder and anxiety (Bandelow et al, 2017;Fakhoury, 2016). PV is a calcium-binding protein that is used to mark a subset of GABAergic interneurons (Le Mageuresse & Monyer, 2013).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Clinically, these receptors are important drug targets for anti‐convulsant, anxiolytic, and sedative–hypnotic agents including benzodiazepines (BZs), barbiturates, alcohol, certain anesthetics and neurosteroids. Underlying deficits in GABAergic neurotransmission occur in a wide variety of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, psychiatric disorders (anxiety [Mohler, ; Nuss, ], depression [Luscher et al, ; Pehrson and Sanchez, ], post‐traumatic stress disorder [Pitman et al, ; Möller et al, ; Trousselard et al, ; Bandelow et al, ]) and neurodevelopmental disorders including autism (Robertson et al, ; Chao et al, ; Coghlan et al, ), Fragile X (Lozano et al, ; Wang et al, ) and schizophrenia (Gonzalez‐Burgos et al, ; Bristow et al, ; Wijtenburg et al, ). Importantly, pathophysiological events including seizures (Scharfman and Brooks‐Kayal, ), ischemic stroke (Carmichael, ; Blicher et al, ; Wu and Sun, ), traumatic brain injury (Guerriero et al, ) and stress can cause adaptive changes in GABA A R neurotransmission, compromising GABAergic inhibition and further hampering recovery.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%