Biological Markers in Induced Sputum of Patients with Different Phenotypes of Chronic Airway Obstruction

Bartoli, Maria Laura; Franco, Antonella Di; Vagaggini, Barbara; Bacci, Elena; Cianchetti, Silvana; Dente, Federico L.; Tonelli, M; Paggiaro, Pier Luigi

doi:10.1159/000176385

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Most of the clinical and research data have been gathered from asthma patients without further differentiation of the particular types of asthmatic response by means of BPTs [18,19,26,29,31,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,41,43,49,50,51,58,61,62,63,64,65,66,67]. Such an approach resulted in the collection of data which cannot be properly related to specific and well-defined types of hypersensitivity and the underlying immunologic processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Asthmatic Response to Bronchial Challenge with Allergen-Mediators, Eicosanoids, Eosinophil and Neutrophil Constituents in the Blood and Urine

Pelikán¹

2011

Respiration

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Background: In patients with allergic bronchial asthma, different immunologic mechanisms may participate and lead to different types of asthmatic response to allergen challenge, such as immediate/early (IAR/EAR), late (LAR) or delayed asthmatic response (DYAR). Objectives: In 55 of 397 asthmatics, DYAR has been recorded (p < 0.001) and confirmed by repeated bronchial challenge with the same allergen (p < 0.001). DYAR began between 26 and 32 h, reached a maximum between 32 and 48 h and resolved within 56 h after the challenge. DYAR was associated with various clinical symptoms and diagnostic parameters having diverged from those recorded during the IARs/EARs and LARs. Methods: In 25 of 55 patients, repeated DYAR has been supplemented with the recording of leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), LTC₄, LTE₄, prostaglandin D₂ (PGD₂), PGE₂, PGF₂_α, thromboxane B₂, lipoxin A₄, eosinophil cationic protein, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin/eosinophil protein X, eosinophilic peroxidase, myeloperoxidase, histamine and tryptase in peripheral blood, and of LTC₄, thromboxane B₂, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin and 9α,11β-PGF₂ in urine, before and up to 72 h after the bronchial allergen challenge, by means of enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA/EIA) or ImmunoCAP. Results: DYAR was accompanied by a significant increase in the plasma concentrations of LTB₄ (p < 0.05) and myeloperoxidase (p < 0.05) at 24, 36 and 48 h after the challenge, whereas the plasma/serum or urine concentrations of the other factors did not demonstrate any significant changes (p > 0.05). Conclusions: These results would indicate an active and prominent involvement of neutrophils, in addition to the previously demonstrated role of the Th1 lymphocytes, in the clinical DYAR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Asthmatic Response to Bronchial Challenge with Allergen-Mediators, Eicosanoids, Eosinophil and Neutrophil Constituents in the Blood and Urine

Pelikán¹

2011

Respiration

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“…Elevated markers of inflammation predict outcomes for patients with obstructive airway diseases, and are closely related to exposure to cigarette smoke (68)(69)(70)(71)(72). In addition, low-grade chronic inflammation has been demonstrated to prospectively define risk of developing COPDrelated complications.…”

Section: Immune System Changes In Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aging Immune System and Its Relationship to the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Sharma¹,

Hanania²,

Shim³

2009

Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society

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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lungs that usually manifests late in life. Physiologic and immunologic changes that occur in COPD often mimic changes seen in the aging lung. This has led some to characterize COPD as an ''accelerated aging phenotype.'' At the molecular level, COPD and aging share common mechanisms and are associated with significant dysregulation of the immune systems. Aging and COPD are characterized by increases in proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, which are implicated in aging-related inflammatory diseases and correlate with degree of obstruction in COPD. There is an age-dependent decline in naïve T cells with oligoclonal expansion of CD8 1 CD28 null T cells from chronic antigenic stimulation. The increase in CD8 1 CD28 null T regulatory cells inhibits antigen-specific CD4 1 T cell responses, leading to a decline in adaptive immune response. To compensate for the decline in the adaptive immune function there is a paradoxical up-regulation of innate immune system resulting in a proinflammatory state. The dysregulated adaptive immune system with activated innate immune responses seen with aging results in recruitment and retention of neutrophils, macrophages, and CD4 1 and CD8 1 T cells in the lungs of smokers with COPD. Once the inflammation is triggered, there is a selfperpetuating cascade of inflammation and lung parenchymal damage. This review will focus on how the aging immune system may contribute to COPD development later in life in susceptible individuals.

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“…In the past years, induced sputum samples are increasingly used, as they are a useful and minimal invasive tool to monitor pulmonary diseases [15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Because of the high viscosity induced sputum samples of CF patients need to be dispersed before analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Method to Process Cystic Fibrosis Sputum for Determination of Oxidative State

et al. 2009

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Background: Induced sputum is the most commonly used method to analyze airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients ex vivo. Due to the complex matrix of the sample material, precise and reliable analysis of sputum constituents depends critically on preanalytical issues. Objectives: Here we compared the commonly used method for sputum processing by dithiothreitol (DTT) with a novel mechanical method in regard to basal cellular parameters, neutrophil markers and glutathione (GSH) levels. Methods: Sputum samples from CF patients were processed in parallel with or without the use of DTT. The key improvement of the mechanical method was the processing in many very small aliquots. Cellular and humoral markers were assessed and compared according to Bland-Altman. Results: Total cell count, cell viability, differential cell count, neutrophil elastase levels and flow cytometrically analyzed neutrophil markers (CD63, CD11b, DHR) did not differ between the two methods. Intracellular and extracellular GSH levels were significantly higher in DTT-treated samples (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The mechanical sputum-processing method presented had a similar yield of cells and fluids as the conventional DTT method and the advantage of omitting the introduction of reducing agents. This method allows a more reliable analysis of redox-dependent airway inflammation in sputum cells and fluid from CF patients than methods utilizing DTT.

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Biological Markers in Induced Sputum of Patients with Different Phenotypes of Chronic Airway Obstruction

Cited by 27 publications

References 54 publications

Delayed Asthmatic Response to Bronchial Challenge with Allergen-Mediators, Eicosanoids, Eosinophil and Neutrophil Constituents in the Blood and Urine

Delayed Asthmatic Response to Bronchial Challenge with Allergen-Mediators, Eicosanoids, Eosinophil and Neutrophil Constituents in the Blood and Urine

The Aging Immune System and Its Relationship to the Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Novel Method to Process Cystic Fibrosis Sputum for Determination of Oxidative State

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