Biological markers of harm can be detected in mice exposed for two months to low doses of Third Hand Smoke under conditions that mimic human exposure

Chen, Yuxin; Adhami, Neema; Martins‐Green, Manuela

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.048

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This trend indicates that the popularity of the topic might follow a worldwide trend (Table 3). We also observed a trend of increasing concern after a Chinese American scientist presented important findings about THS, linking THS to possible DNA damage that can cause diseases such as cancer [24,25]. This finding was widely reported both in China and the United States.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Data Analysis and Visualization of Newspaper Articles on Thirdhand Smoke: A Topic Modeling Approach

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Shen³

et al. 2019

JMIR Med Inform

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Background Thirdhand smoke has been a growing topic for years in China. Thirdhand smoke (THS) consists of residual tobacco smoke pollutants that remain on surfaces and in dust. These pollutants are re-emitted as a gas or react with oxidants and other compounds in the environment to yield secondary pollutants. Objective Collecting media reports on THS from major media outlets and analyzing this subject using topic modeling can facilitate a better understanding of the role that the media plays in communicating this health issue to the public. Methods The data were retrieved from the Wiser and Factiva news databases. A preliminary investigation focused on articles dated between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. Use of Latent Dirichlet Allocation yielded the top 10 topics about THS. The use of the modified LDAvis tool enabled an overall view of the topic model, which visualizes different topics as circles. Multidimensional scaling was used to represent the intertopic distances on a two-dimensional plane. Results We found 745 articles dated between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017. The United States ranked first in terms of publications (152 articles on THS from 2013-2017). We found 279 news reports about THS from the Chinese media over the same period and 363 news reports from the United States. Given our analysis of the percentage of news related to THS in China, Topic 1 (Cancer) was the most popular among the topics and was mentioned in 31.9% of all news stories. Topic 2 (Control of quitting smoking) was related to roughly 15% of news items on THS. Conclusions Data analysis and the visualization of news articles can generate useful information. Our study shows that topic modeling can offer insights into understanding news reports related to THS. This analysis of media trends indicated that related diseases, air and particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), and control and restrictions are the major concerns of the Chinese media reporting on THS. The Chinese press still needs to consider fuller reports on THS based on scientific evidence and with less focus on sensational headlines. We recommend that additional studies be conducted related to sentiment analysis of news data to verify and measure the influence of THS-related topics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Data Analysis and Visualization of Newspaper Articles on Thirdhand Smoke: A Topic Modeling Approach

Liu¹,

Chen²,

Shen³

et al. 2019

JMIR Med Inform

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These differences could be the result of differences in strain genetic background, exposure window, and/or the time between exposure and immune parameter measurements. Chen et al, showed that THS exposure of C57BL/6 mice for 2 months starting at 3 weeks of age resulted in a dose dependent increase in serum cytokine levels including IL-1a, IL-4, IL-10, TNFalpha and GM-CSF [15]. Similarly, Adhami et al, investigated exposure of male C57BL/6 mice to THS for 1, 2, 4, or 6 months starting at weaning and observed significant increases in serum levels of TNFalpha and GM-CSF when mice were exposed for as little as one month [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, their higher respiration rate relative to body size, larger exposed surface area to volume ratio, thinner skin, less mature immunologic systems, and lower metabolic capacity could lead to increased THS exposure levels in children compared to adults. Similar to SHS, THS exposed mice showed alterations in cytokine levels and immune cell numbers [14][15][16]. These prior studies focused on early-life exposure windows leaving the effects of THS exposure during the perinatal period unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero and early-life exposure to thirdhand smoke causes profound changes to the immune system

et al. 2021

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common cancer in children. Thirdhand smoke (THS) is the residual tobacco contamination that remains after the smoke clears. We investigated the effects of THS exposure in utero and during early life in a transgenic Cdkn2a knockout mouse model that is vulnerable to the development of leukemia/lymphoma. Female mice, and their offspring, were exposed from the first day of pregnancy to weaning. Plasma cytokines, body weight and hematologic parameters were measured in the offspring. To investigate THS exposure effects on the development of leukemia/lymphoma, bone marrow was collected from control and THS-exposed mice and transplanted into bone-marrow-ablated recipient mice, which were followed for tumor development for one year. We found that in utero and early life THS exposure caused significant changes in plasma cytokine concentrations and in immune cell populations; changes appeared more pronounced in male mice. Spleen and bone marrow B-cell populations were significantly lower in THS-exposed mice. We furthermore observed that THS exposure increased the leukemia/lymphoma-free survival in bone marrow transplantation recipient mice, potentially caused by THS-induced B cell toxicity. A trend towards increased solid tumors in irradiated mice reconstituted with THS exposed bone marrow stimulates the hypothesis that the immunosuppressive effects of in utero and early-life THS exposure might contribute to carcinogenesis by lowering the host defense to other toxic exposures. Our study adds to expanding evidence that THS exposure alters the immune system and that in utero and early life developmental periods represent vulnerable windows of susceptibility for these effects.

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“…First, although serum cotinine can more precisely reflect the extent of exposure to SHS, other components should also be considered, such as fine particulate matter (PM) and acrolein, which are involved in endothelial damage and further affect BP. In addition, the effect of third-hand smoke (THS), which is composed of nicotine along with some novel components and is produced by aging and the accumulation of SHS [ 65 , 66 ], on BP should also have been considered in our study. However, it was difficult to estimate the influence of THS on BP due to the lack of accurate THS data in NHANES.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of exposure to secondhand smoke with hypertension risk and blood pressure values in adults

Zhang

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2021

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background The effects of environmental chemical exposure on blood pressure (BP) have been confirmed, but the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and hypertension risk and BP in the general population remains unknown. Methods Cross-sectional associations between SHS exposure and hypertension risk and BP values were evaluated using data for subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2016. Logistic regression and linear regression were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, alcohol consumption, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NHANES cycle. Restricted cubic spline models were created to display the potential nonlinear association between SHS and BP levels. Results Higher risk of hypertension was found at the highest SHS concentrations (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.24, P for trend = 0.007). Additionally, SHS exposure had a strong positive association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Furthermore, the nonlinear model result showed a significant association between SHS and SBP (P = 0.017); however, the nonlinear model result was not significant for SHS or DBP. Conclusions Our results suggest a potential association between high SHS exposure and the risk of hypertension. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

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Biological markers of harm can be detected in mice exposed for two months to low doses of Third Hand Smoke under conditions that mimic human exposure

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Data Analysis and Visualization of Newspaper Articles on Thirdhand Smoke: A Topic Modeling Approach

Data Analysis and Visualization of Newspaper Articles on Thirdhand Smoke: A Topic Modeling Approach

In utero and early-life exposure to thirdhand smoke causes profound changes to the immune system

Associations of exposure to secondhand smoke with hypertension risk and blood pressure values in adults

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