Biological materials: A materials science approach

Towards bio-inspired engineering materials: Modeling and simulation of the mechanical behavior of hierarchical bovine dental structure

“…8. This agrees with [31,54], where a gradual increase of fracture energy, combined with a decrease in fracture strength from level to level is theoretically predicted, as in level 2 the aspect ratio is much smaller than in level 1. The transition from brittle to damage tolerant behavior is experimentally already measured at aspect ratios of 9 [23], but regarding the uncertainties of the used materials parameters this is in very good agreement with the findings of this simulation were the transition is at an aspect ratio of 6.…”

Structure and mechanical properties of selected protective systems in marine organisms

“…3c and imaged on collagen fibrils from a fish scale through atomic force microscopy (AFM) in Fig. 3e, creates a characteristic banding, periodically spaced at 67 nm, on the collagen fibrils [3,[26][27][28][29].…”

“…Biological composites are generally formed through biomineralization of biopolymer templates with minerals, primarily hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate and silica [28]. However, magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and iron sulfide (FeS) are also found within a select number of organisms [3].…”

“…To succinctly describe the unique qualities of biological materials, seven interrelated features have been identified (inspired by Arzt [1] and expanded by Meyers et al and Chen et al [2][3][4][5]). These characteristics are: self-assembly, multifunctionality, hierarchical design, hydration effects, mild synthesis conditions, evolutionary design and environmental constraints, and selfhealing capability.…”

Understanding mechanical behavior of interfaces in materials

“…A few notable reviews (not included in this special issue) on properties and performance of materials related to mechanical response include: mechanical behavior of interfaces in 2D materials by Akinwande et al [22] and by Liu and Wu [23]; strain engineering of 2D materials by Ahn et al [24]; experimental characterization of mechanical behavior of interfaces and interphases by Kalidindi et al [25]; modeling methods across multiple scales by McDowell [26]; mechanical behavior of biomaterials by Meyers et al [27]; the mechanical behavior of metallic glasses by Trexler and Thadhani [28]; and high-strain rate response by Gray III [29]. A few notable topical articles (not included in this special issue) discuss the capabilities and limitations of current methodologies/techniques to understand the behavior of materials under a variety of environments including: high-strain rate experimental methods [30]; in situ experimental techniques by Singh et al [31]; coarse-graining-based methodologies [32,33]; ICME by Panchal et al [34]; and machine learning methods [35].…”