Biological Mechanisms Underlying Addiction

Yargıç, İlhan

doi:10.31344/ijhhs.v2i3.37

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

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“…The P3b for example, was seen at several posterior sites with high amplitude when one responded to unpleasant emotional stimuli. 9 Beyond the above-mentioned facts, neuroticism is a psychobiological condition that associated with addiction behaviour 10 that might have implication in treatment strategy and biological mechanisme 11,12 This study was undertaken to delve further the electropsychological process of emotion (with specific attention to the arousal domain) as modulated by individuals with neurotic trait. Different from other studies that stressed on the emotion reaction from the pleasantness continuum of valence domain, 8,9 this study explored the arousal domain in emotion processing -an important emotional element in modulating consciousness, attention, and information processing especially in achieving motivational behaviours that involve the activation of the reticular activating system in the brain stem, the autonomic nervous system and the endocrine system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Substrates in Neuroticism: The Reactions to Arousal-evoking Stimuli of Various Strengths

Yusoff

Reza

Anuar

et al. 2020

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Objective: Neuroticism is a medical condition associated with negative affect and is considered to predispose one to mental disorders. This study examined the effectsof arousal-evoking stimuli of various strengths on the severity of neuroticism. Materials and Methods: In the Event Related Potential (ERP)/electroencephalograph (EEG) recording session that was held at the Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory at a local hospital, Electroencephalogram was recorded in 58 participants (N=29 for moderate neuroticism and 29 for mild neuroticism) after they were screened for the severity of the neurotic trait. Universal emotional pictures were chosen randomly from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) and were used as visual stimuli in the experiment. Visual stimuli weredivided into three categories (high, moderate, low) based on the IAPS normative mean values of arousal. Results: The significant interaction effect of P300 latency between neuroticism and arousal strength was found in the mid-frontal region. Meanwhile, independent of neuroticism, the main effects of arousal strength of the P300 (amplitude and latency) and N200 (latency) were observed in the mid-central region. Conclusion: There is a significant interaction between the severity of neuroticism and the emotional arousal strength, thus, points to the implication of the emotion process in the brain rewards system especially among individuals with neuroticism. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(2) 2020 p.262-267

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Substrates in Neuroticism: The Reactions to Arousal-evoking Stimuli of Various Strengths

Yusoff

Reza

Anuar

et al. 2020

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Pathological gambling: Addiction or impulse control disorder?

Čomić¹,

Knežević²,

Dickov³

et al. 2022

Timočki medicinski glasnik

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Pathological gambling is the most widespread and severe form of non-chemical addiction. It is challenging to categorize pathological gambling into just one category, ie. into a disorder characterized by impulsivity or into behavioral addiction, since there are obvious overlaps. With the above in mind, the changes within the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the eleventh revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) are not surprising. Although not listed in the diagnostic criteria, impulsivity and neuropsychological deficits are an integral part of gambling disorder. For this reason, they are essential for a more complete understanding of the profile of pathological gamblers. The strongest arguments in favor of the reclassification of pathological gambling under the category of addiction are: similarities with the diagnostic characteristics of addiction to psychoactive substances (PAS); high degree of comorbidity between these two disorders; their common features including aspects related to the reward system; findings that the same brain structures are involved in both disorders. There are similarities in the way gambling disorders are reclassified within DSM-5 and ICD-11. As in DSM-5, pathological gambling is recognized as a form of addiction. In ICD-11, it was renamed gambling disorder and classified as behavioral addictions. The latest revisions of both classifications (DSM and ICD) have the same development path and essentially the same foundations, and a change in the perception of gambling within diagnostics is clearly visible. Pathological gambling is a very complex disease that is accompanied by neuropsychological deficits and impulsive behavior, both characteristic of addicts and people with impulse control disorders. Reclassification is significant for several reasons. First, there are similarities with the diagnostic characteristics of chemical addiction. Second, there is a high degree of comorbidity between impulse control disorders and addiction. Third, both involve the reward system and activate the same parts of the brain. It is assumed that these similarities led to the reclassification in both DSM-5 and ICD-11. It is still not entirely clear how this change in the perception of gambling within diagnostics will affect the actual treatment of pathological gambling.

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Biological Mechanisms Underlying Addiction

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Emotional Substrates in Neuroticism: The Reactions to Arousal-evoking Stimuli of Various Strengths

Emotional Substrates in Neuroticism: The Reactions to Arousal-evoking Stimuli of Various Strengths

Pathological gambling: Addiction or impulse control disorder?

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