Biological Motion Perception, Brain Responses, and Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Hur, Ji-Won; Blake, Randolph; Cho, Kang Ik K.; Kim, Jejoong; Kim, So Yeon; Choi, Soo-Hee; Kang, Do Hyung; Kwon, Jun Soo

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.2985

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Gender specificity of the link between BM processing and visual social cognition may be of value for better understanding a wide range of psychiatric, neurologic, neurodevelopmental, and psychosomatic conditions. Some aspects of BM processing are atypical in ASD (e.g., Klin et al, 2009;Nackaerts et al, 2012;Jack et al, 2017), schizophrenia (e.g., Kim et al, 2011;Hastings et al, 2013;Spencer et al, 2013;Hashimoto et al, 2014;Vaskinn et al, 2016Vaskinn et al, , 2018Engelstad et al, 2017Engelstad et al, , 2018aOkruszek et al, 2018) and schizotypal personality disorder (Hur et al, 2016), bipolar disorders , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Kröger et al, 2014), anxiety disorders and in individuals with elevated anxiety (van de Cruys et al, 2013;Heenan and Troje, 2015), obsessive compulsive disorders (Kim et al, 2008), and unipolar depression (Loi et al, 2013;Kaletsch et al, 2014). Deficits are also reported in individuals who were born preterm and suffer congenital brain lesions ), Alzheimer's (Henry et al, 2012;Insch et al, 2015) and Parkinson's diseases (Cao et al, 2015;Jaywant et al, 2016a,b;Kloeters et al, 2017), epilepsy (Bala et al, 2018), and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia (Zucker et al, 2013;Lang et al, 2015;Dapelo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact

et al. 2020

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We proved the viability of the general hypothesis that biological motion (BM) processing serves as a hallmark of social cognition. We assumed that BM processing and inferring emotions through BM (body language reading) are firmly linked and examined whether this tie is gender-specific. Healthy females and males completed two tasks with the same set of point-light BM displays portraying angry and neutral locomotion of female and male actors. For one task, perceivers had to indicate actor gender, while for the other, they had to infer the emotional content of locomotion. Thus, with identical visual input, we directed task demands either to BM processing or inferring of emotion. This design allows straight comparison between sensitivity to BM and recognition of emotions conveyed by the same BM. In addition, perceivers were administered a set of photographs from the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), with which they identified either emotional state or actor gender. Although there were no gender differences in performance on BM tasks, a tight link occurred between recognition accuracy of emotions and gender through BM in males. In females only, body language reading (both accuracy and response time) was associated with performance on the RMET. The outcome underscores gender-specific modes in visual social cognition and triggers investigation of body language reading in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact

et al. 2020

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“…Deficient BM processing has been reported in a wide range of neuropsychiatric diseases including ASD (Klin et al, ; Koldewin et al, ; Nackaerts et al, ; Alaerts et al, ; Cleary et al, ; Kröger et al, ; for review see Pavlova, ), schizophrenia (Kim et al, ; van den Stock et al, ; Hasting et al, ; Spencer et al, ; Hashimoto et al, 2016; Vaskinn et al, ), schizotypal personality disorder (Hur et al, ), ADHD (Kröger et al, ), anxiety disorders (van de Cruys et al, ; Heenan and Troje, ), obsessive compulsive disorders (Kim et al, ). BM processing is also impaired in individuals with autistic traits (Actis‐Grosso et al, ), and in individuals born preterm who suffer congenital brain lesions (Pavlova et al, ; Taylor et al, ; for review see Pavlova and Krägeloh‐Mann, ).…”

Section: Body Motion and Body Language Readingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and gender affect the social brain: Beyond simplicity

Pavlova

2016

J of Neuroscience Research

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As the most fascinating, complex, and dynamic part of our organism, the human brain is shaped by many interacting factors that not only are of neurobiological (including sex hormones) and environmental origin but are also sociocultural in their very nature (such as social roles). Gender is one of these factors. Most neurological, neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and psychosomatic disorders are characterized by impairments in visual social cognition (primarily body language reading and face perception) and a skewed sex ratio: females and males are affected differently in terms of clinical picture, prevalence, and severity. Is the social brain sex specific? This is still an open question. For a long time and for many reasons, sex differences have been overlooked or entirely ignored in neuroscience and biomedical research: there is a paucity of neuroimaging work examining sex differences in the social brain. However, the pattern of experimental behavioral data in both healthy, typically developing individuals and patients with deficient social cognition is beyond simple interpretation: contrary to popular wisdom, females are not always more proficient in understanding social signals, and their social abilities may be particularly affected by disease. Clarification of how neurobiological sex and sociocultural gender affect the social brain would provide novel insights into understanding gender‐specific vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. This interaction is far beyond simplicity. Although sex differences represent a rather delicate topic, underestimation or exaggeration of possible effects retards progress in the field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Schug et al reported that reduced skin conductance orienting to neutral tones may reflect a neurocognitive risk factor, for both Antisocial and Schizotypal PDs that indirectly reflects a common neural substrate to these disorders [ 48 ]. Other researchers reported that individuals with Schizotypal PD display heightened activation in the neural circuitry, involved in reward and decision making when viewing biological motion stimuli in addition to a positive correlation between increased blood oxygenation level-dependent, signal responses related to biological motions and clinical symptoms [ 49 ]. These findings suggest that enhanced responses arise within the reward network for individuals with Schizotypal PD and are possibly related to the “peculiar” ways that individuals with Schizotypal disorder behave in social contexts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality disorder with violent crimes and homicides in Greek prisons

et al. 2018

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BackgroundPersonality disorders (PDs) have been associated with both violent crimes and homicides in many studies. The proportion of PDs among prisoners reaches up to 80%. For male prisoners, the most common PD in the literature is antisocial PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between PDs and violent crimes/homicides of male prisoners in Greece.MethodsA sample of 308 subjects was randomly selected from a population of 1300 male prisoners incarcerated in two Greek prisons, one urban and one rural. The presence of PDs was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4). Using logistic regression models PD types and PD “Clusters” (independent variables) were associated with “violent/non-violent crimes” and “homicides/non homicides” (dependent variables).Results“Cluster A” PDs (Paranoid, Schizoid, and Schizotypal) were diagnosed in 16.2%, “Cluster B” (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic) in 66.9% and “Cluster C” (Obsessive–Compulsive, Dependent, Avoidant) in 2.9% of the studied population. Violent crimes and homicides were found significantly associated with “Cluster A” PDs (p = 0.022, p = 0.020). The odds ratio of committing violent crimes was 2.86 times higher for patients with “Cluster A” PDs than the ones without PDs. In addition, the odds ratio of committing homicides was 4.25 times higher for patients with “Cluster A” PDs. In separate analyses, the commitment of violent crimes as well as homicides, was significantly associated with Schizoid (p = 0.043, p = 0.020) and Schizotypal PD (p = 0.017, p = 0.030).ConclusionsThe majority of prisoners was found to suffer from a PD, mainly the Antisocial “Cluster B”, but the commitment of violent crimes and homicides was significantly associated only with “Cluster A” PDs and specifically with Schizoid and Schizotypal PD.

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Biological Motion Perception, Brain Responses, and Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Cited by 17 publications

References 53 publications

Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact

Untangling the Ties Between Social Cognition and Body Motion: Gender Impact

Sex and gender affect the social brain: Beyond simplicity

Association of Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality disorder with violent crimes and homicides in Greek prisons

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