Biological Nicotinamide Cofactor as a Redox‐Active Motif for Reversible Electrochemical Energy Storage

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is one of the most well‐known redox cofactors carrying electrons. Now, it is reported that the intrinsically charged NAD+ motif can serve as an active electrode in electrochemical lithium cells. By anchoring the NAD+ motif by the anion incorporation, redox activity of the NAD+ is successfully implemented in conventional batteries, exhibiting the average voltage of 2.3 V. The operating voltage and capacity are tunable by altering the anchoring anion species without modifying the redox center itself. This work not only demonstrates the redox capability of NAD+, but also suggests that anchoring the charged molecules with anion incorporation is a viable new approach to exploit various charged biological cofactors in rechargeable battery systems.

In situ observation of pH change during water splitting in neutral pH conditions: impact of natural convection driven by buoyancy effects

“…78,79 The (photo)electrochemical reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) results in a versatile reducing agent that can be used for a wide range of biocatalytic redox reactions to produce valuable chemicals. 80,81 All of these reactions involve proton coupled electron transfer reactions without forming product gas bubbles, and in all these cases it is desirable to minimize pH shifts during reactions. In order to shed light on the potential impact of buoyancy-driven convection for such reactions at current densities beyond 2 mA/cm 2 , additional calculations were performed.…”

Bio‐Inspired Isoalloxazine Redox Moieties for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…Inspired by the biological energy metabolism in living organisms, organic molecules that mimic redox centers residing in biological system have been investigated as active electrode materials in recent years . These bio‐inspired redox‐active moieties are capable of undergoing reversible redox reactions during the charge/discharge process.…”

Bioderived Molecular Electrodes for Next‐Generation Energy‐Storage Materials

“…c) A model of lithium‐ion binding and the charge‐discharge mechanism in the mNAD + electrode. Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2019, Wiley.…”

“…As shown in Figure b and c, Kim et al. synthesized an analogue mimicking only the redox‐active center of the cofactor (mNAD + ), which was insolubilized through crystallization by negative‐ion complex formation (Cl − , Br − , I − ) to yield 11 (Table ) . The resulting 2.3 V battery exhibited increasing capacity with larger‐sized anion coordination.…”