Biological Observations on the Marine Fungi of Woods Hole Waters

Sparrow, F. K.

doi:10.2307/1537470

Cited by 116 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…can produce resting forms, which are surrounded by a thick wall. Although Rozella species have been reported to be parasites of soil and freshwater hosts mainly, a marine species has been also described, Rozella marina, which is associated with the chytrid Chytridium polysiphoniae (Sparrow 1936).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Clade LKM11 and Rozella Form the Deepest Branching Clade of Fungi

Lara¹,

Moreira²,

López‐García³

2010

Protist

166

121

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Previous environmental surveys of eukaryotic diversity using the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene have revealed many clone sequences that branch near the base of Fungi. In this work, we demonstrate that many of these sequences, including those of the environmental clade LKM11, form a monophyletic and strongly supported group that also includes two sequences derived from the parasitic genus Rozella. This novel clade, called here ''Rozellida'', is the deepest branch of true fungi so far identified, and appears to be extremely diverse in the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Clade LKM11 and Rozella Form the Deepest Branching Clade of Fungi

Lara¹,

Moreira²,

López‐García³

2010

Protist

166

121

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“…Thraustochytrids elicited much excitement in the initial years after their discovery in 1936 (Sparrow 1936) as a unique group of obligately marine, biflagellate, unicellular fungi. More recently, it has become clear that they are much more than mycological curiosities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increasing evidence for the important role of Labyrinthulomycetes in marine ecosystems

Raghukumar¹,

Damare

2011

Botanica Marina

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This review summarizes increasing evidence for the role of Labyrithulomycetes in marine ecosystems gathered over the last six decades. It focuses on their diversity, habitats, biomass, productivity and overall role in food webs and remineralization. Earlier studies contributed enormously to the cultured diversity of Labyrinthulomycetes. In recent years, their uncultured diversity has been demonstrated in exotic environments like the deep sea and anoxic waters. These findings emphasize the need for novel culture methods to grow these organisms. Many species seem to be substrate-specific in their occurrence. Their commensalistic or mutualistic occurrence in marine invertebrates deserves attention.The biomass of Labyrinthulomycetes in the water column may often match or even exceed that of bacteria, although such occurrences seem to be seasonal. There is a major knowledge gap on their productivity and turnover in the water column. The high biomass and production of several degradative enzymes indicate their importance as remineralizers in the ocean. However, the mechanisms by which they overcome bacterial competition are not clear. It is likely that they occupy special niches, such as marine aggregates. One role of the Labyrinthulomycetes suggested in this review, based on preliminary experiments, is that of 'left-over scavenging', following bacterial growth.

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“…They are comprised of six genera (33,47), Althornia (26), Aplanochytrium (2), Japonochytrium (32), Schizochytrium (18), Thraustochytrium (59), and Ulkenia (13). However, it has been shown that the current classification of these genera based on morphology does not agree with the molecular phylogenetic relationships based on the 18S rRNA gene sequences (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thraustochytrids are distributed in saline lakes and in marine, estuarine, and deep-sea waters throughout the world (35,47,52), and they have been isolated from algal and plant material, as well as from sediments and water (14,37,55,59). Recently, a rapid direct detection technique for thraustochytrids using the fluorogenic acriflavine dye was developed (53).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Single-Stranded RNA Virus Infectious to a Marine Fungoid Protist, Schizochytrium sp. (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulea)

Takao

Nagasaki

Mise

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Thraustochytrids are cosmopolitan osmoheterotrophic microorganisms that play important roles as decomposers, producers of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and pathogens of mollusks, especially in coastal ecosystems. SssRNAV, a novel single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) virus infecting the marine fungoid protist Schizochytrium sp. (Labyrinthulea, Thraustochytriaceae) was isolated from the coastal water of Kobe Harbor, Japan, in July 2000, and its basic characteristics were examined. The virus particle is icosahedral, lacks a tail, and is ca. 25 nm in diameter. SssRNAV formed crystalline arrays and random assemblies within the cytoplasm of host cells, and it was also concentrated along the intracellular membrane structures. By means of one-step growth experiments, the lytic cycle and the burst size were estimated to be <8 h and 5.8 ؋ 10 3 to 6.4 ؋ 10 4 infectious units per host cell, respectively. SssRNAV had a single molecule of ssRNA that was approximately 10.2 kb long, three major proteins (37, 34, and 32 kDa), and two minor proteins (80 and 18 kDa). Although SssRNAV was considered to have some similarities with invertebrate viruses belonging to the family Dicistroviridae based on its partial nucleotide sequence, further genomic analysis is required to determine the detailed classification and nomenclature of SssRNAV. Our results indicate that viral infection is one of the significant factors controlling the dynamics of thraustochytrids and provide new insights into understanding the ecology of these organisms.

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Biological Observations on the Marine Fungi of Woods Hole Waters

Cited by 116 publications

References 6 publications

The Environmental Clade LKM11 and Rozella Form the Deepest Branching Clade of Fungi

The Environmental Clade LKM11 and Rozella Form the Deepest Branching Clade of Fungi

Increasing evidence for the important role of Labyrinthulomycetes in marine ecosystems

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Single-Stranded RNA Virus Infectious to a Marine Fungoid Protist, Schizochytrium sp. (Thraustochytriaceae, Labyrinthulea)

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