Biological Practices for Improvement of Maize Performance

Aslam, Muhammad; Maqbool, M. A.; Cengiz, Rahime

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25442-5_5

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Mohammed et al [31] study found a significant positive correlation between drought indices yield residual series during the growing cycle for maize and wheat and suggested that these crops are susceptible to drought events, especially in the tasselling stage of maize, which led to lower yields. Aslam et al [87] indicated that drought hampers germination, resulting in poor maize standing at the early seedling phase, hindering early maize establishment and reducing yield. Anami et al [88] indicated that drought during the grain-filling period leads to low yield due to reduced kernel size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Drought on Yield over Maize Growing Areas, Free State Province, South Africa, Using the SPI and SPEI

Makuya,

Tesfuhuney,

Moeletsi

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is an essential crop in South Africa serving as a staple food; however, agricultural drought threatens its production, resulting in lower yields. This study aimed to assess the impact of agricultural drought on maize yield in the major areas (Bethlehem, Bloemfontein, and Bothaville) that produce maize in the Free State Province from 1990 to 2020. The study used the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to examine drought occurrences and severity during the maize growing season (October–March). The Standardized Yield Residuals Series (SYRS), Crop Drought Resilient Factor (CDRF), Spearman’s Rank Correlation (rs), and yield loss rate were employed to emphasize agricultural drought impact on maize yield. The results based on the SPI and SPEI show that drought frequently occurred in Bethlehem, followed by Bloemfontein and Bothaville. Drought severity indicated that moderate droughts were prevalent in Bethlehem, while severe droughts were in all areas (Bethlehem, Bloemfontein, and Bothaville) and extreme droughts in Bloemfontein. The agricultural drought’s impact on maize varied across growth seasons and areas. Notably, the lowest SYRS value of −2.38 (1991/92) was observed in Bethlehem. An extremely strong significant correlation (rsSPEI-6 vs SYRS = 0.83, p = 1.07 × 10−8) was observed between the SPEI and SYRS in Bloemfontein during the October–November–December–January–February–March (ONDJFM) season. The CDRF indicated that maize yield was severely non-resilient (CDRF < 0.8) to drought in Bethlehem (CDRF = 0.27) and Bloemfontein (CDRF = 0.33) and resilient (CDRF = 1.16) in Bothaville. The highest maize yield loss of −88.62% was observed in Bethlehem due to extreme agricultural drought. The results suggest that, historically, agricultural drought was a threat to maize production in the studied areas, particularly in Bethlehem and Bloemfontein. This underscores the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices, such as drought-resistant varieties in these areas, to mitigate the impacts of climate change, especially drought, and ensure food security. This is a step toward achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 (Zero Hunger).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Drought on Yield over Maize Growing Areas, Free State Province, South Africa, Using the SPI and SPEI

Makuya,

Tesfuhuney,

Moeletsi

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Maize water requirement in important stage is reduced by leaf area for maize survival under drought stress. In addition, leaf size and the number of leaves were reduced by drought stress, which reduced photosynthesis, transpiration, light interception, and biomass yield (Aslam et al, 2015). Drought stress in the vegetative phase (V10-V13) was a big problem in leaf area and biomass yield (Alam et al, 2014).…”

Section: Growth Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drought stress during the vegetative phase inhibited leaf area index and growth of maize production (Huang et al, 2023). Thus, drought stress at the vegetative phase (V10-V13) had a lower biomass yield than other phases (Aslam et al, 2015). The different growth stages of maize required varying amounts of water, with the mid-season growth stage having the highest crop coefficient (FAO, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and Physiological Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Drought Stress at Different Development Stages

Pongtip,

Thobunluepop,

Nakasathien

et al. 2023

JCST

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Drought stress was a main problem of maize production in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of drought stress at different development stages and maize varieties (Zea mays L.) on growth, physiological responses, and grain yield to maintain maize production. The experiment was arranged in split-plot in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The main plot was control (well-watered) and drought stress at different development stages (the vegetative phase (V5), before the reproductive phase (V12), and the grain filling phase (R3)). The sub-plot consisted of four maize varieties: TS1004, NS3, SW4452, and NK6248. Drought stress during the vegetative phase (V5) and before the reproductive phase (V12) was found to be a susceptible stage for maize because grain yield (GY) was decreased by the loss of crop growth rate (CGR) and total soluble sugar content (TSC) and it accumulated proline content. The NK6248 variety was found to be the most suitable for maize production because it had the highest grain yield (GY) and crop growth rate (CGR). In addition, it had low proline content (PC) under drought stress. In summary, under drought stress, it is advisable to select the NK6248 variety for crop production and avoid drought stress in the vegetative phase (V5) and before the reproductive phase (V12) because a mechanism by which maize could maintain its production of this study was the accumulation of total soluble sugar content to decrease proline content under drought stress condition.

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“…Drought has adversely affected maize at reproductive stage by reducing successful fertilization through increased anthesissilking interval leading to reduction of effective kernel setting [7] and finally lower yield by 90% [8]. Water requirement of maize is highly critical two weeks before and after pollination and grain filling stage, which are the most sensitive stages for water deficit [9]. Heat and drought stresses coexist in many crop production areas creating more damaging effects on plant growth and development, including yield [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of tolerance to combined drought and heat stress in tropical maize

Elmyhun,

Abate,

Abate

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Simultaneous occurrences of heat and drought stresses have a detrimental effect on growth, development and yield of maize. Heat and drought is expected to worsen maize yield losses under climate change. Selecting CDHS tolerant maize hybrids creates great opportunity for sustainable maize improvement in the tropics. The objective of current investigation was to dissect the genetic basis of CDHS tolerance in tropical maize and to determine performance of single cross hybrids under CDHS. Ninety six single-cross hybrids resulted from crossing 12 tassel blast tolerant and 12 tassel blast susceptible lines along with two Striga resistant commercial hybrids, a heat tolerant and a heat susceptible check hybrids were evaluated under FIRR, MDRTS and CDHS using 25x4 alpha lattice design with two replications. The results showed significant genetic variation for FIRR, MDRTS and CDHS tolerance among maize hybrids. The majority of single crosses that showed improved grain yield over their respective standard checks under MDRTS also exhibited improved grain yield over the same checks under CHDS, indicating development of CHDS tolerance hybrids. Significant and positive genotypic and phenotypic correlation of grain yield under MDRTS and CDHS implicated common genetic mechanisms controlling yield under MDRTS and CDHS. Stress tolerance indices YI, GMP, MP, HM and STI were identified as best selecting indices under both stresses. GCA variances were larger than SCA variances in each testing environment for most studied traits indicating the impotence of additive gene action than non-additive gene action to control these traits. Majority of stress indices and SCA effects demonstrated that hybrids HB18, HB41, HB91 and HB95 were high yielder under MDRTS and CDHS. Hybrids HB41, HB91 and HB95 and their parents’ scored minimum tassel blast. Parents 19 and 7 were well general combiner for grain yield and early maturity under MDRTS and CDHS indicting their valuable source of genes for hybridization. The current findings revealed that CDHS tolerance hybrids can reduce expected yield losses and maintain maize productivity in CDHS prone areas. Promising hybrids should be tested further under various drought and CHDS for commercialization.

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Biological Practices for Improvement of Maize Performance

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Drought on Yield over Maize Growing Areas, Free State Province, South Africa, Using the SPI and SPEI

Assessing the Impact of Agricultural Drought on Yield over Maize Growing Areas, Free State Province, South Africa, Using the SPI and SPEI

Growth and Physiological Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) under Drought Stress at Different Development Stages

Genetic analysis of tolerance to combined drought and heat stress in tropical maize

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