Biological Processes of Health

Robles, Theodore F.; Mercado, Evelyn; Nooteboom, Peter; Price, J; Romney, Chelsea

doi:10.4324/9781315167534-5

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Other examples of surrogate endpoints include metabolic syndrome indices (i.e., high fasting plasma glucose, low density cholesterol, elevated waist circumference), that predict increased risk for a host of conditions including T2DM, cardiovascular disease, and stroke [for examples see ( 104 )]. Finally, biomarkers that are not considered clinical or surrogate endpoints are biological mediators ; biological mediators explain links between psychosocial factors (e.g., discrimination exposure) and underlying biological processes of disease (e.g., surrogate endpoints) but cannot substitute for a clinical endpoint [( 106 ); see below Figure 1 ].…”

Section: Rationale For Expanding Biobehavioral Research Examining the Physiological Consequences Of Racial And Ethnic Discrimination In Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sympathetic arousal increases heart rate allowing for mobilization of resources to respond to stress, while parasympathetic arousal modulates heart rate through the vagus nerve, acting as a brake (i.e., vagal brake) to promote active regulation of heart rate ( 125 ). Functioning of these branches can be measured through biomarkers such as heart rate variability (HRV; beat-to-beat changes in heart rate caused by PNS and SNS activity), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA; variation in heart rate that occurs during a breathing cycle that is used as indicator of PNS activity), skin conductance levels (SCL; electrodermal activity reflecting SNS activity), cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP; a cardiac contractility index reflecting SNS activity), and circulating levels of catecholamines [i.e., epinephrine and norepinephrine ( 106 , 126 )].…”

Section: Rationale For Expanding Biobehavioral Research Examining the Physiological Consequences Of Racial And Ethnic Discrimination In Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Importance of Biobehavioral Research to Examine the Physiological Effects of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in the Latinx Population

Martínez

Mercado

Barbieri

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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A growing body of research is documenting how racial and ethnic populations embody social inequalities throughout the life course. Some scholars recommend the integration of biospecimens representing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurological and endocrinological processes, and inflammation to capture the embodiment of inequality. However, in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups, there has been little research examining how Hispanic/Latinx persons embody racial and ethnic discrimination, much less resulting from institutional and structural racism. We provide a rationale for expanding biobehavioral research examining the physiological consequences of racism among Latinx persons. We identify gaps and make recommendations for a future research agenda in which biobehavioral research can expand knowledge about chronic disease inequities among Latinx populations and inform behavioral and institutional interventions. We end by cautioning readers to approach the recommendations in this article as a call to expand the embodiment of racism research to include the diverse Latinx population as the United States addresses racial inequity.

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Section: Rationale For Expanding Biobehavioral Research Examining the Physiological Consequences Of Racial And Ethnic Discrimination In Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rationale For Expanding Biobehavioral Research Examining the Physiological Consequences Of Racial And Ethnic Discrimination In Lmentioning

confidence: 99%