Biological Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review

Labaka, Ainitze; Goñi‐Balentziaga, Olatz; Lebeña, Andrea; Pérez-Tejada, Joana

doi:10.1177/1099800418776082

Cited by 187 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Small differences were observed between male and female patients, principally in the diagnosis of mood disorders and hypothyroidism, which appeared to play a more significant role in women. These findings were in line with previous estimations in the general population 25 26. Similarly, essential hypertension, diabetes, dysthymic and depressive disorders and vomiting were primarily diagnosed in patients with migraine versus other headaches.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Analysis of the management and costs of headache disorders in Spain during the period 2011–2016: a retrospective multicentre observational study

Darbà

Marsà²

2020

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo investigate the number and characteristics of the Spanish population affected by headache disorders and the direct medical cost that these patients represent for the healthcare system.DesignA retrospective multicentre observational study.SettingRecords from all patients admitted with headache in primary and secondary care centres in Spain between 2011 and 2016 that were registered in a Spanish claims database were included in the analysis. Direct medical costs were calculated using the standardised average expenses of medical procedures determined by the Spanish Ministry of Health.ResultsData extraction claimed primary care records from 636 722 patients and secondary care records from 30 077 patients. Women represented 63% and 65% of all patients with headache in primary and secondary care respectively, with the exception of cluster headaches, a group with 60% of male patients. No large shifts were observed over time in patients’ profile; contrarily, the number of cases per 10 000 patients attended in primary care increased 2-folds between 2011 and 2016 for migraine and 1.85-folds for other headaches. Migraine was the cause for 28% of primary care consultations and 50% of secondary care admissions, and it was responsible for the largest portion of healthcare costs in 2016, a total amount of € 7 302 718. The estimated annual direct medical cost of headache disorders was € 10 716 086.ConclusionsMigraine was responsible for half of the secondary care admissions linked to headache disorders. The raise detected in the number of cases registered in primary care is likely to impact the direct medical costs associated to these disorders causing an increase in the total burden they represent for the Spanish National Healthcare System.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Analysis of the management and costs of headache disorders in Spain during the period 2011–2016: a retrospective multicentre observational study

Darbà

Marsà²

2020

BMJ Open

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“…We found stronger associations between brain-tissue based methylation levels and latelife MDD in men than in women. This finding is in line with previous studies showing sexspecific differences in serum biomarkers, mRNA expression, and brain activity of MDD cases, demonstrating that sex plays an important role in the molecular heterogeneity of MDD [41][42][43] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Association between DNA Methylation Levels in Brain Tissue and Late-Life Depression in Community-Based Participants

Hüls

Robins

Conneely

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: Major depressive disorder (MDD) arises from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors and DNA methylation is one of the molecular mechanisms through which these factors can manifest. However, little is known about the epigenetic signature of MDD in brain tissue. This study aimed to investigate associations between brain tissue-based DNA methylation and late-life MDD. Methods: We performed a brain epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of late-life MDD in 608 participants from the Religious Order Study and the Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROS/MAP) using DNA methylation profiles of the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (dPFC) generated using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 Beadchip array. We also conducted an EWAS of MDD in each sex separately. Results: We found epigenome-wide significant associations between brain-tissue-based DNA methylation and late-life MDD. The most significant and robust association was found with altered methylation levels in the YOD1 locus (cg25594636, p-value=2.55 x 10-11; cg03899372, p-value=3.12 x 10-09; cg12796440, p-value=1.51 x 10-08, cg23982678, p-value=7.94 x 10-08). Analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR, p-value=5.06 x 10-10) further confirmed this locus. Other significant loci include UGT8 (cg18921206, p-value=1.75 x 10-08), FNDC3B (cg20367479, p-value=4.97 x 10-08) and SLIT2 (cg10946669, p-value=8.01 x 10-08). Notably, brain-tissue based methylation levels were strongly associated with late-life MDD in men more than in women. Conclusions: We identified altered methylation in the YOD1, UGT8, FNDC3B and SLIT2 loci as new epigenetic factors associated with late-life MDD. Furthermore, our study highlights the sex-specific molecular heterogeneity of MDD.

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“…Depressive symptoms and anxiety in PD are likely to be multifactorial, related to the influence of PD pathology and the indirect impact of impaired mobility and social isolation (35,36). Sex differences in depression have been linked to differences in expression of susceptibility genes and hormonal influences as well as gender-related differences in reporting (37,38). Although females and males with PD experience similar physical symptoms, the associated psychological burden appears to differ.…”

Section: Sex and Gender Aspects In Non-motor Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Sex and Gender on the Multidisciplinary Management of Care for Persons With Parkinson's Disease

Göttgens¹,

Halteren

Vries

et al. 2020

Front. Neurol.

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The impact of sex and gender on disease incidence, progression, and provision of care has gained increasing attention in many areas of medicine. Biological factors-sex-and sociocultural and behavioral factors-gender-greatly impact on health and disease. While sex can modulate disease progression and response to therapy, gender can influence patient-provider communication, non-pharmacological disease management, and need for assistance. Sex and gender issues are especially relevant in chronic progressive diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), because affected patients require multidisciplinary care for prolonged periods of time. In this perspective paper, we draw from evidence in the field of PD and various other areas of medicine to address how sex and gender could impact PD care provision. We highlight examples for which differences have been reported and formulate research topics and considerations on how to optimize the multidisciplinary care of persons with PD.

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Biological Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review

Cited by 187 publications

References 59 publications

Analysis of the management and costs of headache disorders in Spain during the period 2011–2016: a retrospective multicentre observational study

Analysis of the management and costs of headache disorders in Spain during the period 2011–2016: a retrospective multicentre observational study

Association between DNA Methylation Levels in Brain Tissue and Late-Life Depression in Community-Based Participants

The Impact of Sex and Gender on the Multidisciplinary Management of Care for Persons With Parkinson's Disease

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