Biological Soil Crusts of Antarctica

Green, T. G. A.; Broady, Paul A.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56475-8_11

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…or B. argenteum are reported to occur in Garwood Valley, but with an extensive genetic variation, with no two samples being identical in either species (Selkirk et al 1998). In Victoria Valley, soil-inhabiting lichens and bryophytes are entirely absent (Green and Broady 2001). In Taylor Valley, B. argenteum occurs along meltwater streams and seepage sites (Figs.…”

Section: Victoria Landmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Plant diversity and biogeography in the humid maritime Antarctic is reviewed in Peat et al (2007), leading to the idea that distribution patterns follow a latitudinal gradient. For BSCs in continental Antarctica, there is no discrete review compendium of distribution patterns available, despite the review by Green and Broady (2001). Here, we focus on the description of distribution patterns, based on this review, and enumerate BSC formations in three different geographic zones of the Antarctic continent per se.…”

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Bryophyte carpets along the meltwater flushes of glaciers are the most conspicuous crust types of continental Antarctica (Green and Broady 2001). The bryophytes emerge from the upper few centimeters of soil and cover the surface with spherical cushions (Figs.…”

Section: Bryophyte-cyanobacteria Bscmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These ecosystem services are of special importance in areas where the influences of higher primary producers are low. Although a number of reviews dealt with terrestrial cryptogamic organisms from Antarctica (e.g., Adams et al 2006;Broady 1996Broady , 2012Namsaraev et al 2010;Seppelt 2002;Green et al 2007), to our knowledge, only one was devoted to Antarctic BSC (Green and Broady 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Biological Soil Crusts

Büdel

Colesie

2014

Antarctic Terrestrial Microbiology

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Section: Victoria Landmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Biogeographymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Bryophyte-cyanobacteria Bscmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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Biological Soil Crusts

Büdel

Colesie

2014

Antarctic Terrestrial Microbiology

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“…However, some studies have indicated that the climatic conditions of some regions influence the composition of crusts. Biological soil crusts from deserts of North America (temperate zone) include many green algae (Johansen et al 1982), whereas significant parts of cryptogamic crusts from Antarctica are composed of prasiolacean green algae (Green and Broady 2001). Filamentous streptophycean green algae (Zygogonium K€ utzing and Klebsormidium P.C.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta) from alpine biological soil crusts (Alps, Tyrol, Austria, and Italy)

Mikhailyuk

Glaser

Holzinger

et al. 2015

Journal of Phycology

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Forty Klebsormidium strains isolated from soil crusts of mountain regions (Alps, 600–3,000 m elevation) were analyzed. The molecular phylogeny (internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequences) showed that these strains belong to clades B/C, D, E, and F. Seven main (K. flaccidum, K. elegans, K. crenulatum, K. dissectum, K. nitens, K. subtile, and K. fluitans) and four transitional morphotypes (K. cf. flaccidum, K. cf. nitens, K. cf. subtile, and K. cf. fluitans) were identified. Most strains belong to clade E, which includes isolates that prefer humid conditions. One representative of the xerophytic lineage (clade F) as well as few isolates characteristic of temperate conditions (clades B/C, D) were found. Most strains of clade E were isolated from low/middle elevations (<1,800 m above sea level; a.s.l.) in the pine‐forest zone. Strains of clades B/C, D, and F occurred sporadically at higher elevations (1,548–2,843 m a.s.l.), mostly under xerophytic conditions of alpine meadows. Comparison of the alpine Klebsormidium assemblage with data from other biogeographic regions indicated similarity with soil crusts/biofilms from terrestrial habitats in mixed forest in Western Europe, North America, and Asia, as well as walls of buildings in Western European cities. The alpine assemblage differed substantially from crusts from granite outcrops and sand dunes in Eastern Europe (Ukraine), and fundamentally from soil crusts in South African drylands. Epitypification of the known species K. flaccidum, K. crenulatum, K. subtile, K. nitens, K. dissectum, K. fluitans, K. mucosum, and K. elegans is proposed to establish taxonomic names and type material as an aid for practical studies on these algae, as well as for unambiguous identification of alpine strains. New combination Klebsormidium subtile (Kützing) Mikhailyuk, Glaser, Holzinger et Karsten comb. nov. is made.

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Habitat suitability of biocrust communities in a cold desert ecosystem

Power,

Thomas,

Salvatore

et al. 2024

Ecology and Evolution

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Drylands are unique among terrestrial ecosystems in that they have a significant proportion of primary production facilitated by non‐vascular plants such as colonial cyanobacteria, moss, and lichens, i.e., biocrusts, which occur on and in the surface soil. Biocrusts inhabit all continents, including Antarctica, an increasingly dynamic continent on the precipice of change. Here, we describe in‐situ field surveying and sampling, remote sensing, and modeling approaches to assess the habitat suitability of biocrusts in the Lake Fryxell basin of Taylor Valley, Antarctica, which is the main site of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long‐Term Ecological Research Program. Soils suitable for the development of biocrusts are typically wetter, less alkaline, and less saline compared to unvegetated soils. Using random forest models, we show that gravimetric water content, electrical conductivity, and snow frequency are the top predictors of biocrust presence and biomass. Areas most suitable for the growth of dense biocrusts are soils associated with seasonal snow patches. Using geospatial data to extrapolate our habitat suitability model to the whole basin predicts that biocrusts are present in 2.7 × 105 m2 and contain 11–72 Mg of aboveground carbon, based on the 90% probability of occurrence. Our study illustrates the synergistic effect of combining field and remote sensing data for understanding the distribution and biomass of biocrusts, a foundational community in the carbon balance of this region. Extreme weather events and changing climate conditions in this region, especially those influencing snow accumulation and persistence, could have significant effects on the future distribution and abundance of biocrusts and therefore soil organic carbon storage in the McMurdo Dry Valleys.

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Biological Soil Crusts of Antarctica

Cited by 28 publications

References 12 publications

Biological Soil Crusts

Biological Soil Crusts

Biodiversity of Klebsormidium (Streptophyta) from alpine biological soil crusts (Alps, Tyrol, Austria, and Italy)

Habitat suitability of biocrust communities in a cold desert ecosystem

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