Biological Suppression of Populations of Heterodera schachtii Adapted to Different Host Genotypes of Sugar Beet

Eberlein, Caroline; Heuer, Holger; Westphal, Andreas

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.00812

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…poae is more frequently found in sugar beets originated from France, where sugar beets are grown on much larger geographical areas ( EUROSTAT, 2019 ) and historically for a longer time span compared to Italian acreages. These factors are known to favor the development of soil communities suppressive to certain pathogens ( Mazzola, 2002 ; Eberlein et al., 2020 ). Continuous cropping of sugar beet is known to influence the field soil community, accelerating the abundance of different taxa in the microbial soil community over time ( Huang et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Cultivar, Seed Origin, and Substrate on Bacterial Diversity of the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere and Suppression of Soil-Borne Pathogens

et al. 2020

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The rhizosphere microbiome is crucial for plant health, especially for preventing roots from being infected by soil-borne pathogens. Microbiota-mediated pathogen response in the soil-root interface may hold the key for microbiome-based control strategies of phytopathogens. We studied the pathosystem sugar beet-late sugar beet root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani in an integrative design of combining in vitro and in vivo (greenhouse and field) trials. We used five different cultivars originating from two propagation sites (France, Italy) with different degrees of susceptibility towards R. solani (two susceptible, one moderately tolerant and two cultivars with partial resistance). Analyzing bacterial communities in seeds and roots grown under different conditions by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we found site-, cultivar-, and microhabitat-specific amplicon sequences variants (ASV) as well as a seed core microbiome shared between all sugar beet cultivars (121 ASVs representing 80%-91% relative abundance). In general, cultivar-specific differences in the bacterial communities were more pronounced in seeds than in roots. Seeds of Rhizoctonia-tolerant cultivars contain a higher relative abundance of the genera Paenibacillus, Kosakonia, and Enterobacter, while Gaiellales, Rhizobiales, and Kosakonia were enhanced in responsive rhizospheres. These results indicate a correlation between bacterial seed endophytes and Rhizoctonia-tolerant cultivars. Root communities are mainly substrate-derived but also comprise taxa exclusively derived from seeds. Interestingly, the signature of Pseudomonas poae Re*1-1-14, a well-studied sugar-beet specific biocontrol agent, was frequently found and in higher relative abundances in Rhizoctonia-tolerant than in susceptible cultivars. For microbiome management, we introduced microbial inoculants (consortia) and microbiome transplants (vermicompost) in greenhouse and field trials; both can modulate the rhizosphere and mediate tolerance towards late sugar beet root rot. Both, seeds and soil, provide specific beneficial bacteria for rhizosphere assembly and microbiota

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the Impact of Cultivar, Seed Origin, and Substrate on Bacterial Diversity of the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere and Suppression of Soil-Borne Pathogens

et al. 2020

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“…“Pauletta” enabled suppressiveness to be set up without the initial yield decrease noted in susceptible cv. “Beretta” [ 22 ]. Botelho et al [ 23 ] speculated that the biological and physicochemical attributes of the coffee rhizosphere could dictate their impact on Meloidogyne exigua suppression under field conditions.…”

Section: Biological Control Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Admittedly, as soil food webs, including PPNs, have a cryptic nature, BCA ecology and their role in modifying nematode population levels and dynamics are largely unknown and deserve further study. Hence, significant variables can provide insights into how soil properties can be modulated to enhance biocontrol by conserving and favoring specific settings or BCAs [ 9 , 10 , 22 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. For example, soil moisture and texture [ 29 ], salinity [ 30 ], mulching [ 31 ], and pH [ 32 ] were found to modulate nematode populations directly or indirectly by influencing their hosts or enemies [ 33 ].…”

Section: Biological Control Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing Safe Approaches to Manage Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Abd-Elgawad

2021

Plants

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Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) infect and cause substantial yield losses of many foods, feed, and fiber crops. Increasing concern over chemical nematicides has increased interest in safe alternative methods to minimize these losses. This review focuses on the use and potential of current methods such as biologicals, botanicals, non-host crops, and related rotations, as well as modern techniques against PPNs in sustainable agroecosystems. To evaluate their potential for control, this review offers overviews of their interactions with other biotic and abiotic factors from the standpoint of PPN management. The positive or negative roles of specific production practices are assessed in the context of integrated pest management. Examples are given to reinforce PPN control and increase crop yields via dual-purpose, sequential, and co-application of agricultural inputs. The involved PPN control mechanisms were reviewed with suggestions to optimize their gains. Using the biologicals would preferably be backed by agricultural conservation practices to face issues related to their reliability, inconsistency, and slow activity against PPNs. These practices may comprise offering supplementary resources, such as adequate organic matter, enhancing their habitat quality via specific soil amendments, and reducing or avoiding negative influences of pesticides. Soil microbiome and planted genotypes should be manipulated in specific nematode-suppressive soils to conserve native biologicals that serve to control PPNs. Culture-dependent techniques may be expanded to use promising microbial groups of the suppressive soils to recycle in their host populations. Other modern techniques for PPN control are discussed to maximize their efficient use.

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“…Crop tolerance is a useful and necessary adjunct to resistance (Trudgill, 1991) as tolerance reduces the negative effects of pathogens, simultaneously improving plant growth after infections has occurred (Koch et al, 2016). For example, Eberlein et al (2020) showed control of H. schachtii by growing the tolerant Pauletta cultivar. As another possible alternative for nematicides, so-called "induced resistance (IR)" of the plant provides a more sustainable solution, potentially addressing the EU regulations to protect our environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ascorbate Oxidase Induces Systemic Resistance in Sugar Beet Against Cyst Nematode Heterodera schachtii

et al. 2020

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Ascorbate oxidase (AO) is an enzyme involved in catalyzing the oxidation of apoplastic ascorbic acid (AA) to dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). In this research, the potential of AO spraying to induce systemic resistance was demonstrated in the interaction between sugar beet root and cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the mechanism was elucidated. Plant bioassays showed that roots of AO-sprayed plants were infested by a significantly lower number of females and cysts when compared with mock-sprayed control plants. Hormone measurements showed an elevated level of jasmonic acid (JA) salicylic acid (SA) and ethylene (ET) in the roots of AO-sprayed plants, with a dynamic temporal pattern of activation. Experiments with chemical inhibitors showed that AOinduced systemic resistance is partially dependent on the JA, ET and SA pathways. Biochemical analyses revealed a primed accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2), and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity in the roots of AO-sprayed plants upon infection by cyst nematodes. In conclusion, our data shows that AO works as an effective systemic defense priming agent in sugar beet against cyst nematode infection, through activation of multiple basal plant defense pathways.

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Biological Suppression of Populations of Heterodera schachtii Adapted to Different Host Genotypes of Sugar Beet

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Understanding the Impact of Cultivar, Seed Origin, and Substrate on Bacterial Diversity of the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere and Suppression of Soil-Borne Pathogens

Understanding the Impact of Cultivar, Seed Origin, and Substrate on Bacterial Diversity of the Sugar Beet Rhizosphere and Suppression of Soil-Borne Pathogens

Optimizing Safe Approaches to Manage Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

Ascorbate Oxidase Induces Systemic Resistance in Sugar Beet Against Cyst Nematode Heterodera schachtii

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