Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review

Abstract

Crop residues are often referred to as 'lignocellulosics' as they are rich in cellulose which is bound with a biopolymer lignin. Rumen microbiota (bacteria, protozoa and fungi), even with their hydrolytic enzymes, are not very competent enough to break these bonds efficiently. Biological treatment of such crop residues using white rot fungi (WRF) can break the ligno-cellulose complexes, liberating free cellulose and thus enhancing their feeding value for ruminants. Biologically treated roughages have higher digestibility for most of the nutrients (both cell walls and cell solubles) with an increase in crude protein content as compared to untreated material, besides ensuring more fermentable substrates in the rumen. Further, recent studies have indicated low methane emission from feedstuffs subjected to solid state fermentation (SSF) with ligninolytic fungi as a result of their improved digestion and nutrient assimilation. This review primarily deals with the nature and composition of crop residues, their inherent nutritive constraints as ruminant feed and to overcome the same by means of biological treatments. The progresses to date in in vitro and in vivo studies on biologically treated lignocellulosics have also been reviewed.

Fermentasi: Metode untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Nutrisi Jerami Padi

“…Berbagai penelitian tentang inovasi teknologi yang terkait dengan pemanfaatan jerami padi sebagai sumber pakan berserat bagi ternak ruminansia sudah banyak dilaporkan (Kargbo et al, 2009). Sampai saat ini, metode yang telah banyak dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai nutrisi jerami padi adalah perlakuan fisik (Missotten et al, 2010), kimiawi (Han and Garret 1986;Ismail et al, 2012) dan biologis (Mahesh and Mohini 2013;Wang et al, 2016).Menurut Van Soest (2006), metode biologis dan kimia merupakan metode pilihan yang paling sering digunakan.…”

Wet rice straw ensiling with biogas slurry: A prospective feed preservation technique for higher protein content and metabolizable energy

“…Straw is one of the most available ruminant feeds in developing countries but it is classified as poor quality roughage because of its low nitrogen content, poor palatability, low digestibility, low intake, high fiber content and high insoluble ash (Table 01). A characteristic of straw is that it mainly consists of highly lignified cell wall material, which often constitutes up to 80% of the dry matter (Mahesh and Mohini, 2013). This consists of major proportions of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which occur in the ratio 4:3:3, respectively (Theander and Aman, 1984), while the rest comprises of nitrogenous compounds and ash.…”

Caracterización química, degradabilidad ruminal y aceptabilidad por bovinos, de un subproducto de la industria del papel

“…El aumento de la actividad agroindustrial en los últimos años, ha tenido como consecuencia la acumulación de residuos lignocelulósicos en el mundo (Mahesh & Mohini, 2013), generados por prácticas forestales y agrícolas, industrias madereras, productoras de pulpa y papel, entre otras, los cuales son, a menudo, eliminados mediante la combustión de biomasa, que genera contaminación ambiental (Howard et al 2003). Algunos residuos sólidos derivados de la industria de la pulpa y papel han tenido diferentes opciones de aprovechamiento, entre las cuales, están incineración, compostaje, vermicompostaje, producción de etanol, producción de ácido láctico, uso en la industria papel y cartón, productos minerales (cemento, cerámicas), pavimentos, productos absorbentes y alimentación animal (Bajpai, 2015).…”