BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF BORAGE (Borago officinalis L.) FLOWERS AND LEAVES

Abstract

Recently the interest in borage as a vegetable and medicinal plant has increased, yet the knowledge about a content of biologically active compounds in borage grown in Poland remains very scanty. In the experiment carried out in the south-eastern part of the country, fresh borage flowers and leaves contained 0.02% and 0.12% of lipids with the highest level of palmitic acid, i.e. 44.5% and 33.4%, respectively. Flower lipids contained stearic, oleic, elaidic, linoleic, linolelaidic, arachidonic, myristic and lauric acid as well. Besides, leaf lipids were rich in α-linolenic acid (17.7%), less in palmitoleic acid with absence of arachidonic acid. Leaves were found to have 0.16% of essential oil, 1.0% of flavonoids, 9.2 mg vitamin C·100 g f.w.-1 , 1.9 mg carotenoids·100 g f.w.-1 , 0.77 mg chlorophyll a·1 g f.w.-1 and 0.22 mg chlorophyll b·1 g f.w. -1 . Flowers contained more essential oil and vitamin C while less carotenoids, chlorophyll a and b and flavonoids. 45 components were found in the flower essential oil and among them 16 were identified with cumene (62.9%) as a major one. The content of other components was below 3%. As for the leaf essential oil, 18 compounds were detected, and 5 were identified with the highest level of cumene (58.5%) and hexenyl (13.3%). Generally, flowers had more polyphenols and their ferric reducing ability was higher than that of leaves. Besides, a content of remaining unreduced DPPH radical was higher in the flowers. Notably, the time necessary for 50% reduction of the initial concentration of DPPH radical was 2.5 times longer in flowers, whereas their antiradical efficiency 3 fold lower compared to leaves.

Nutritional potential characterization and bioactive properties of caper products

“…The ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b principally changes between 2 and 3:1 (Borowy, Chwil, & Kapłan, 2017) as determined in our study. The lowest values of jam and marmalade pointed to an enhanced chlorophyll and carotenoid breakdown resulting from heat treatment (Seifert & Zude-Sasse, 2016) (Figure 1).…”

Potential Use of Hyssopus officinalis and Borago officinalis as Curing Ingredients in Pork Meat Formulations

“…Usually, there is no information on the time of the harvest. The results presented in Table 2 confirm the significant differences between commercially available herb mixtures, which may depend on the proportions of leaves, flowers and stalks [37][38][39][40]. Variations in the quality and chemical component content were also reported by Hajdari et al [41] who analysed hyssop samples cultivated in various regions.…”

Kuraklık Stresi Altında Borago officinalis L.'de Antioksidan Savunma Sistemi

“…Previous studies about Borago officinalis L. have focused on plant-pollinator interactions under temperature and water stress (Descamps et al, 2018), chemical composition and antioxidant activity in leaves (Borowy et al, 2017;Zemmouri et al, 2019), flowers (Mohajer et al, 2016;Borowy et al, 2017;Fernandes et al, 2019) and seeds (Borowy and Kapłan, 2020). Moreover, salt stress effects on growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities (Jaffel et al, 2011;Torabi et al, 2015) were also evaluated.…”

“…Borage seed oil contains more than 20% gamma linolenic acid (Torabi et al, 2015). Most studies with borage were related to its chemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaves and flowers (Mohajer et al, 2016;Borowy et al, 2017;Zemmouri et al, 2019;Fernandes et al, 2019). On the other hand, the limited number of studies recorded with Borago officinalis under abiotic stress conditions.…”