Biologically active substances in flowers and leaves of Siberian irises

Abstract

Abstract. In the last decade, garden varieties of Siberian iris (Iris sibirica L.) of the iris family (Iridaceae Juss.), which are valuable not only as ornamental plants, but also as a source of biologically active substances used in medicine and the perfume industry, have been very popular. Information on the presence of these substances in the generative and vegetative organs of the varieties of Siberian iris studied by us was not noted, which is the novelty and relevance of this work. The purpose of the study is a comparative study and assessment of the quantitative content of biologically active substances in the flowers and leaves of I sibirica and seven varieties from the Siberian irises (SIB) group cultivated in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Methods. The content of flavonols, catechins, carotenoids was determined by the spectrophotometric method, pectin substances by the carbazole-free spectrophotometric method and tannins by the titrimetric method. Results. The results of a comparative analysis of secondary metabolites in the aerial organs of irises showed that the content of tannins (1.3–3.2 times), flavonoids (1.5–4.6 times), catechins (5.0–6.3 times), carotenoids (2.6–9.5 times) higher in leaves than in flowers. The content of pectins is higher (3.5–9.5 times) and protopectins (1.2–1.9 times) in flowers. The varieties Fialcovy, Vals Katuni, Kassandra were distinguished by the highest indications for individual components. Variety and species specificity in the distribution of these components in the flowers and leaves of plants, as well as the influence of hydrometrological factors during the growing seasons of growth and development of 2020–2021, were noted. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Novosibirsk region, a comparative quantitative analysis of the content of tannins, flavonols, pectins, protopectins, catechins, carotenoids in the aboveground organs of Iris sibirica and its varieties: Baltik Blue, Blue Cup, Cambridge, Fialcovy, Kassandra, Mandy Morse, Vals Katuni was carried out.