Biologically based models of cancer risk in radiation research

Kaiser, Jan Christian; Blettner, Maria; Stathopoulos, Georgios T.

doi:10.1080/09553002.2020.1784490

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…For cancer, integration of epidemiology and biology has long been discussed (246,247), and epidemiological data have been applied to several biologically based mechanistic models (248,249). The integrative approach would also indeed be needed for cataracts (250), DCS (247) and other noncancer effects, but such studies are very limited, e.g., for cataracts (251) and DCS (252)(253)(254)(255).…”

Section: Integration Of Epidemiology and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

Hamada

2023

Radiation Research

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For radiation protection purposes, noncancer effects with a threshold-type dose-response relationship have been classified as tissue reactions (formerly called nonstochastic or deterministic effects), and equivalent dose limits aim to prevent occurrence of such tissue reactions. Accumulating evidence demonstrates increased risks for several late occurring noncancer effects at doses and dose rates much lower than previously considered. In 2011, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued a statement on tissue reactions to recommend a threshold of 0.5 Gy to the lens of the eye for cataracts and to the heart and brain for diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), independent of dose rate. Literature published thereafter continues to provide updated knowledge. Increased risks for cataracts below 0.5 Gy have been reported in several cohorts (e.g., including in those receiving protracted or chronic exposures). A dose threshold for cataracts is less evident with longer follow-up, with limited evidence available for risk of cataract removal surgery. There is emerging evidence for risk of normal-tension glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but the long-held tenet that the lens represents among the most radiosensitive tissues in the eye and in the body seems to remain unchanged. For DCS, increased risks have been reported in various cohorts, but the existence or otherwise of a dose threshold is unclear. The level of risk is less uncertain at lower dose and lower dose rate, with the possibility that risk per unit dose is greater at lower doses and dose rates. Target organs and tissues for DCS are also unknown, but may include heart, large blood vessels and kidneys. Identification of potential factors (e.g., sex, age, lifestyle factors, coexposures, comorbidities, genetics and epigenetics) that may modify radiation risk of cataracts and DCS would be important. Other noncancer effects on the radar include neurological effects (e.g., Parkinsonŉs disease and dementia) of which elevated risk has increasingly been reported. These late occurring noncancer effects tend to deviate from the definition of tissue reactions, necessitating more scientific developments to reconsider the radiation effect classification system and risk management. This paper gives an overview of historical developments made in ICRP prior to the 2011 statement and an update on relevant developments made since the 2011 ICRP statement.

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Section: Integration Of Epidemiology and Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

Hamada

2023

Radiation Research

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“…In these analyses, excess risk models with a linear, linear-quadratic or a purely quadratic dependency in radiation dose are typically fitted to cohort data to examine the possible form of the dose-response curve that best describes the data. Another approach is to translate the (limited) radiobiological understanding of a disease into a mechanistic mathematical model to study the doseresponse curve (Preston 2017;Shuryak 2019;Kaiser et al 2021). Stouten et al (2021) presented a mathematical model to quantify the dose-response curve of the major radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) pathway in photon-irradiated male CBA/H mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyper-radiosensitivity affects low-dose acute myeloid leukemia incidence in a mathematical model

Stouten

Balkenende

Roobol

et al. 2022

Radiat Environ Biophys

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In vitro experiments show that the cells possibly responsible for radiation-induced acute myeloid leukemia (rAML) exhibit low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS). In these cells, HRS is responsible for excess cell killing at low doses. Besides the endpoint of cell killing, HRS has also been shown to stimulate the low-dose formation of chromosomal aberrations such as deletions. Although HRS has been investigated extensively, little is known about the possible effect of HRS on low-dose cancer risk. In CBA mice, rAML can largely be explained in terms of a radiation-induced Sfpi1 deletion and a point mutation in the remaining Sfpi1 gene copy. The aim of this paper is to present and quantify possible mechanisms through which HRS may influence low-dose rAML incidence in CBA mice. To accomplish this, a mechanistic rAML CBA mouse model was developed to study HRS-dependent AML onset after low-dose photon irradiation. The rAML incidence was computed under the assumptions that target cells: (1) do not exhibit HRS; (2) HRS only stimulates cell killing; or (3) HRS stimulates cell killing and the formation of the Sfpi1 deletion. In absence of HRS (control), the rAML dose-response curve can be approximated with a linear-quadratic function of the absorbed dose. Compared to the control, the assumption that HRS stimulates cell killing lowered the rAML incidence, whereas increased incidence was observed at low doses if HRS additionally stimulates the induction of the Sfpi1 deletion. In conclusion, cellular HRS affects the number of surviving pre-leukemic cells with an Sfpi1 deletion which, depending on the HRS assumption, directly translates to a lower/higher probability of developing rAML. Low-dose HRS may affect cancer risk in general by altering the probability that certain mutations occur/persist.

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“…Neither the equivalent nor effective dose should be used to estimate the risk of cancer in any specific organ or tissue (Harrison et al, 2016). Effective dose is not predictive of future cancer incidence in individuals or demographic groups because its theoretical and mathematical underpinnings are not depending on radiobiological correlations between dose and influence for individual organs or tissues (Kaiser et al, 2021). Fukushima and Chernobyl provide extremely uncommon chances to learn from the implementation of radiation safety instructions and techniques in difficult, real-world conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Editorial: Nuclear safety: Waste remediation, radiation protection and health assessment

Saleh

Hassan²,

Salama³

2023

Front. Energy Res.

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Editorial on the Research Topic Nuclear safety: Waste remediation, radiation protection and health assessmentRadioactivity is a natural occurrence, and natural sources of radiation are environmental factors. Radiation and radioactive material can also be of artificial origin and have a wide range of useful applications, including medical, industrial, agricultural, and scientific applications, as well as nuclear power generation (Abojassim and Rasheed, 2021). Radiation dangers to persons and the environment from the use of radiation and radioactive materials must be assessed and managed through the implementation of safety standards (Martin et al., 2019). Ionizing radiation exposure of tissues or organs can cause cell death on a large enough scale to compromise the function of the exposed tissue or organ. This sort of consequence, known as 'deterministic effects,' is clinically evident in an individual only if the radiation dosage surpasses a particular threshold (Kamiya et al., 2015). A deterministic impact is more severe at a larger dosage over this threshold level (Mallya, 2019). As a result, all countries have adopted national radiation protection regulations and regulated safety standards. Justification, optimization, and dose limitation are the three main principles of radiation protection. Systematic rule implementation to check and ensure that the recommended safety guidelines of practice are strictly followed would aid and improve the safe practice of using ionizing radiations to generate optimum radiological images for correct diagnosis with lower doses for personnel, patients, and the general public (Fiagbedzi et al., 2022).It is important to draw attention to technological developments in the field of radiation protection, such as the creation of environmentally friendly and reasonably priced materials for radiation shield construction (Eid et al., 2021;, the development of environmentally appropriate solutions for dealing with radioactive waste (Dawoud et al., 2023; Abdelhamid et al., 2023), and enhancing the characterizations of the materials utilized in immobilization of nuclear wastes (Saleh, 2014;Saleh et al., 2020a;Saleh et al., 2020b) or that used in packing of nuclear waste in order to achieve a human-safe and clean environment (Saleh and Koller, 2021).Radiation dose, or the amount of energy conveyed per unit mass of an absorbing medium, can be evaluated or direct biological effects and compliance with radiation exposure limits can be monitored (Adlienė and Adlytė, 2017). Radiation safety professionals define radiation absorbed dose and dose rate for occupational, environmental, and medical exposures using carefully defined quantities and units (Adlienė and Adlytė, 2017). The

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Biologically based models of cancer risk in radiation research

Cited by 11 publications

References 88 publications

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

Noncancer Effects of Ionizing Radiation Exposure on the Eye, the Circulatory System and beyond: Developments made since the 2011 ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions

Hyper-radiosensitivity affects low-dose acute myeloid leukemia incidence in a mathematical model

Editorial: Nuclear safety: Waste remediation, radiation protection and health assessment

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