Biologically efficient solar radiation: Vitamin D production and induction of cutaneous malignant melanoma

Grigalavicius, Mantas; Juzeniene, Asta; Baturaite, Zivile; Dahlback, Arne; Moan, Johan Emelian

doi:10.4161/derm.22941

Cited by 12 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…In metaanalysis concerning the countries of Central Europe average difference in 25(OH)D between summer and winter was 14–15 ng/ml [ 5 ]. In the largest available review of countries above 33° N or S summer to winter difference is 8 ng/ml and the ratio 1.3–1.8 [ 30 , 31 ], what is fully consistent with results of the present study. Comparison of these results demonstrates vitamin D deficit in population of elite athletes similar to the one in overall population.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seasonal Vitamin D Status in Polish Elite Athletes in Relation to Sun Exposure and Oral Supplementation

et al. 2016

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Vitamin D does not only influence the musculoskeletal health and mineral homeostasis but it also affects cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, immune and mental functions, thus it is of considerable importance for both physically active people and elite athletes. However, vitamin D deficiency is common worldwide and results from inadequate endogenous skin synthesis (insufficient ultraviolet B exposure) and diet. To improve the vitamin D status elite athletes often travel to lower latitude during winter. The aim of the study was to evaluate the seasonal vitamin D status in Polish elite athletes according to the sun exposure and oral supplementation. Serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured in the years 2010–2014 in 409 elite athletes, who were divided into the following groups: OUTD—outdoor sports, represented by track and field athletes, who trained in Poland; IND—weightlifters, handball and volleyball players who trained indoors in Poland; SUN—track and field athletes who trained during Polish winter in lower latitude with high sunshine exposure; SUPL—track and field athletes who trained in Poland, had an inadequate vitamin D status (25(OH)D < 30 ng/ml) and were supplemented orally. Inadequate Vitamin D status was observed in 80% of OUTD and 84% of IND athletes in winter, whereas in summer the values amounted to 42% and 83%, respectively. The athletes exposed to sun in winter had significantly higher vitamin D concentration than OUTD group. Oral supplementation improved vitamin D concentration by 45%, whereas winter sun exposure caused its increase by 85%. Except for a few summer months an inadequate status of vitamin D was found in the majority of Polish elite athletes, with the deficiency level being similar to the one observed in non-athletic population. The most serious deficiency was observed in indoor disciplines. Adequate vitamin D status can be achieved by both increased sun exposure, especially in winter, and oral supplementation. Athletes should therefore routinely assess their vitamin D status and be educated how to approach their sunlight exposure, diet and supplementation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Seasonal Vitamin D Status in Polish Elite Athletes in Relation to Sun Exposure and Oral Supplementation

et al. 2016

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“…SCC is dependent on total UV exposures, while BCC, and even more CM, is dependent also on exposure patterns, with intermittent exposures being most carcinogenic. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2015; 31: [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Solar radiation is a risk factor for all three major forms of skin cancer (1)(2)(3)(4). Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation (280-315 nm) is the most important etiological factor for induction of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (2,5,6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such determinations do not exist for populations included in this study, so we had to use ambient exposures. As in previous studies (31,32), annual erythema-weighted fluences were used as approximations for the fluences received by the population studied. The measured UV fluences, with a resolution of 1 min, for different regions of Norway, were obtained from the Norwegian UV monitoring network.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2015; 31: [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] mation, A b gives how many percent the skin cancer incidence rate is expected to increase per percent increase in carcinogenic UV exposure. We have earlier found that for the period 1976-1985, A b is 1.1-1.9 for SCC and 2.0-2.4 for BCC (29).…”

Section: Uv Radiation and Skin Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between UV exposure and incidence of skin cancer

Moan

Grigalavicius

Baturaite

et al. 2014

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

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102

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“…Importantly, these results suggest that increased levels of UVB irradiance and vitamin D may help prevent development of leukemia. Populations farther away from the equator will, on average, be exposed to solar energy that has traveled farther through the Earth’s atmosphere, thereby lowering the amount of UVB available to the skin [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Cloud Cover-Adjusted Ultraviolet B Irradiance Is Associated with High Incidence Rates of Leukemia: Study of 172 Countries

et al. 2015

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There are 52,380 cases of leukemia and 24,090 deaths from it in the US annually. Its causes are unknown and no preventive strategies have been implemented. We hypothesized that leukemia is due mainly to vitamin D deficiency, which is due mainly to low solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance. To test this hypothesis, we estimated age-standardized cloud-cover-adjusted winter UVB irradiance using cloud cover data from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project, latitudes of population centroids, and standard astronomical calculations. Incidence rates for 172 countries, available from the International Agency for Cancer Research, were plotted according to cloud-adjusted UVB irradiance. We used multiple regression to account for national differences in elevation and average life expectancy. Leukemia incidence rates were inversely associated with cloud-adjusted UVB irradiance in males (p ≤ 0.01) and females (p ≤ 0.01) in both hemispheres. There were few departures from the trend line, which was parabolic when plotted with the equator at the center of the display, northern hemisphere countries on the right side and southern hemisphere countries on the left. The bivariate association displayed by the polynomial trend line indicated that populations at higher latitudes had at least two times the risk of leukemia compared to equatorial populations. The association persisted in males (p ≤ 0.05) and females (p ≤ 0.01) after controlling for elevation and life expectancy. Incidence rates of leukemia were inversely associated with solar UVB irradiance. It is plausible that the association is due to vitamin D deficiency. This would be consistent with laboratory studies and a previous epidemiological study. Consideration should be given to prudent use of vitamin D for prevention of leukemia.

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Biologically efficient solar radiation: Vitamin D production and induction of cutaneous malignant melanoma

Cited by 12 publications

References 81 publications

Seasonal Vitamin D Status in Polish Elite Athletes in Relation to Sun Exposure and Oral Supplementation

Seasonal Vitamin D Status in Polish Elite Athletes in Relation to Sun Exposure and Oral Supplementation

The relationship between UV exposure and incidence of skin cancer

Low Cloud Cover-Adjusted Ultraviolet B Irradiance Is Associated with High Incidence Rates of Leukemia: Study of 172 Countries

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