“…Due to their superior biocompatibility and minute negative immunological influence, natural polymers such as chitosan, collagen, gelatin, hyaluronic acid, alginate, and fibroin are extensively used in BTE research. However, they have insufficient mechanical strength, rapid degradation rate, unstable biological properties, and limited production capacity, and therefore, these materials are difficult to design, process, and apply for bone defect repair (Venkatesan et al, 2015;Jahan and Tabrizian, 2016;Melke et al, 2016;Saravanan et al, 2018;Kashirina et al, 2019;Ranganathan et al, 2019;Zhai et al, 2019;Kołodziejska et al, 2020). As a representative, silk fibroin (SF) has shown a good prospect in BTE due to its excellent biocompatibility, high porosity, and good mechanical properties (Mottaghitalab et al, 2015;Saleem et al, 2020).…”