Biologically mediated dissolution of calcium carbonate above the chemical lysocline?

Milliman, John D.; Troy, Paul J.; Balch, William M.; Adams, Alan K.; Li, Y.-H.; Mackenzie, Fred T.

doi:10.1016/s0967-0637(99)00034-5

Cited by 385 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Coccolithophore blooms result in the loss of both POC and PIC to the deeper ocean. Coccolithophores are considered to be by far the dominant contributors to pelagic calcification that has been evaluated globally (1.6 ± 0.3 Pg PIC y − 1 ) by Balch et al (2007) based on remote sensing data, in general agreement with previous estimates by Milliman et al (1999). At present, uncertainties remain regarding the bloom development of coccolithophores, and contribution to the export of POC and CaCO 3 to depth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Schmidt

Harlay

Borges

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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Coccolithophores, the dominant pelagic calcifiers in the oceans, play a key role in the marine carbon cycle through calcification, primary production and carbon export, the main drivers of the biological CO 2 pump. In May 2002 a cruise was conducted on the outer shelf of the North-West European continental margin, from the north Bay of Biscay to the Celtic Sea (47.0°-50.5°N, 5.0°-11.0°W), an area where massive blooms of Emiliania huxleyi are observed annually. Biogeochemical variables including primary production, calcification, partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), particle load, particulate organic and inorganic carbon (POC, PIC) and 234 Th, were measured in surface waters to assess particle dynamic and carbon export in relation to the development of a coccolithophore bloom. We observed a marked northward decrease in Chl-a concentration and calcification rates: the bloom exhibited lower values and may be less well developed in the Goban Spur area. The export fluxes of POC and PIC from the top 80 m, determined using the ratios of POC and PIC to 234 Th of particles, ranged from 81 to 323 mg C m − 2 d − 1 and from 30 to 84 mg C m − 2 d − 1 , respectively. The highest fluxes were observed in waters presenting a well-developed coccolithophore bloom, as shown by high reflectance of surface waters. This experiment confirms that the occurrence of coccolithophores promotes efficient export of organic and inorganic carbon on the North-West European margin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Schmidt

Harlay

Borges

et al. 2013

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…There is no evidence that such net precipitation of CaCO 3 predominates over dissolution in the uppermost layers of the subpolar North Atlantic. The review of the global carbonate budget (Milliman et al, 1999;Berelson et al, 2007) shows that a considerable portion of surface-produced calcite (as much as 60-80%) actually dissolves above the lysocline, in the upper 1000 m, as a result of biological mediation. This finding was further corroborated from sediment trap records in the North Atlantic (Honjo and Manganini, 1993;Martin et al, 1993 estimates are 25 μmol kg -1 , on average.…”

Section: Influence Of a T 0 Parameterizations On C Ant Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The subsurface layer reference to calculate preformed alkalinity and air–sea CO2 disequilibrium in the Atlantic Ocean

Vázquez-Rodríguez

Pad́ın

Pardo

et al. 2012

Journal of Marine Systems

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The subsurface ocean layer (100-200 m deep) is suggested as a reference to parameterize preformed alkalinity (A T º) and air-sea CO 2 disequilibrium (C dis ) in the Atlantic. Results suggest that this domain retains the memory of water mass formation (WMF) conditions over annual periods and avoids the large, short-term variability of the uppermost layers. Its thermohaline variability also encompasses and represents all water masses that outcrop in the Atlantic. Subsurface data also avoids the scarcity of late wintertime surface observations and benefit from the larger availability of yearround measurements, thus enhancing their representativeness and application coverage.This last feature is most relevant in high Atlantic latitudes, where WMF typically occurs and the widespread ice sheets often preclude surface pCO 2 sampling during wintertime.The obtained A T º and C dis parameterizations achieve uncertainties of 4.6 and 5.6 mol kg -1 , respectively, improving significantly the estimates in previous works, particularly in the high latitudes. The A T º parameterization is well correlated with observations and is coherent with the latitudinal subsurface distribution of silicate, particularly in the northern subpolar region, where previous studies showed discrepancies. The C dis estimates in the upper layers are coherent with air-sea ∆pCO 2 data from Takahashi´s climatology, thus tackling known important shortcomings and biases of anthropogenic CO 2 estimates in Atlantic waters.

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“…There is real concern over the impact that such a large, rapid and unprecedented rise in acidification might have on marine organisms (Guinotte and Fabry, 2008;Hall-Spencer et al, 2008;ICES, 2007), but little emphasis has so far been placed on the potential feedbacks from acidification to climate change. Acidification may cause positive or negative feedbacks to climate change through alterations in biogeochemical processes, nutrient speciation, trace metal availability and ecosystem biodiversity (Milliman et al, 1999;Raven et al, 2005), changes that may be accentuated in combination with rising temperatures.…”

Section: Ocean Acidification and The Carbonate Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.22). Based on the global carbonate budget calculated by Milliman et al (1999), about 20% of the pelagic carbonate production accumulates in deep sea sediments (Fig. 1.23).…”

Section: Carbonate Pumpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 1 Impacts of the Oceans on Climate Change

Lewis-Brown¹,

Reid²,

Andersson³

et al. 2009

Advances in Marine Biology

135

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Biologically mediated dissolution of calcium carbonate above the chemical lysocline?

Cited by 385 publications

References 40 publications

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

Particle export during a bloom of Emiliania huxleyi in the North-West European continental margin

The subsurface layer reference to calculate preformed alkalinity and air–sea CO2 disequilibrium in the Atlantic Ocean

Chapter 1 Impacts of the Oceans on Climate Change

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