Biologically Synthesized Rosa rugosa-Based Gold Nanoparticles Suppress Skin Inflammatory Responses via MAPK and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced HaCaT Keratinocytes

Abstract

Nanotechnology-applied materials and related therapeutics have gained attention for treating inflammatory skin diseases. The beach rose (Rosa rugosa), belonging to the family Rosaceae, is a perennial, deciduous woody shrub endemic to northeastern Asia. In this study, R. rugosa-based gold nanoparticles (RR-AuNPs) were biologically synthesized under optimal conditions to explore their potential as anti-inflammatory agents for treating skin inflammation. The synthesized RR-AuNPs were analyzed using field emission-transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, selected-area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction. The uniformly well-structured AuNPs showed near-spherical and polygonal shapes. Cell viability evaluation and optical observation results showed that the RR-AuNPs were absorbed by human keratinocytes without causing cytotoxic effects. The effects of RR-AuNPs on the skin inflammatory response were investigated in human keratinocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor-α/interferon-γ (T + I). The results showed that T + I-stimulated increases in inflammatory mediators, including chemokines, interleukins, and reactive oxygen species, were significantly suppressed by RR-AuNP treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. The western blotting results indicated that the RR-AuNP-mediated anti-inflammatory effects were highly associated with the suppression of inflammatory signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor-κB. These results demonstrate that plant extract-based AuNPs are novel anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application to treat skin inflammation.

Anti-inflammatory role of gold nanoparticles in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

“…72 AuNPs regulate multiple signaling pathways, such as the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and may play an essential role in slowing down neuroinflammation and improving AD. 73,74 Here, we summarize the effects of AuNPs on the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, hoping to provide a direction for the molecular mechanism of AuNPs’ effects on AD. 75…”

Gold and silver nanoparticles in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diagnostics and treatments

“…NF‐κB is a key transcription factor responsible for initiating the expression of numerous proinflammatory genes 71 . NPs interfere with the NF‐κB signaling pathway, thus suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators 72 …”

“…71 NPs interfere with the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus suppressing the production of inflammatory mediators. 72 AuNPs are metallic NPs that are the most widely used in medicine. 73 In fact, they are chemically inert since in most cases, they do not undergo oxidation processes, and their surface can be easily functionalized with different types of chemical groups or dyes.…”

Comparison of Blueberry and Dandelion Aqueous Extracts in the Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanostructures, and Their Applications as Anti‐Pseudomonas aeruginosa Agent

“…[10][11][12] In addition to the green synthesis, plant extracts synthesized MNSs carry a variety of bioactive compounds that bring out charming potentials for biological applications, including regulation of cell metabolism. [13] Plant extracts contain a variety of phenolic compounds that play role in the synthesis MNSs. They carry their inherent radical scavenging abilities, antibacterial, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities to the corresponding MNSs.…”

“…Particularly, plant extracts provide synthesis of unique shaped and sized MNSs [10–12] . In addition to the green synthesis, plant extracts synthesized MNSs carry a variety of bioactive compounds that bring out charming potentials for biological applications, including regulation of cell metabolism [13] …”