2020
DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040057
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Biology and Biomechanics of the Heart Valve Extracellular Matrix

Abstract: Heart valves are dynamic structures that, in the average human, open and close over 100,000 times per day, and 3 × 109 times per lifetime to maintain unidirectional blood flow. Efficient, coordinated movement of the valve structures during the cardiac cycle is mediated by the intricate and sophisticated network of extracellular matrix (ECM) components that provide the necessary biomechanical properties to meet these mechanical demands. Organized in layers that accommodate passive functional movements of the va… Show more

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Cited by 51 publications
(58 citation statements)
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“…It is mainly composed of circumferentially oriented fibrillar collagen (Latif et al 2005;Ayoub et al 2018). This dense network of collagen fibers provides strength to the valve (Sauren et al 1980;Kodigepalli et al 2020). The ventricularis layer of semilunar valves and the atrialis layer of atrioventricular valves face the inflow side and are mainly composed of radially oriented elastic fibers that facilitate tissue movement by providing extension and subsequently recoil of the valve tissue (Vesely 1998).…”
Section: Tri-laminar Structure In Native Heart Valvesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is mainly composed of circumferentially oriented fibrillar collagen (Latif et al 2005;Ayoub et al 2018). This dense network of collagen fibers provides strength to the valve (Sauren et al 1980;Kodigepalli et al 2020). The ventricularis layer of semilunar valves and the atrialis layer of atrioventricular valves face the inflow side and are mainly composed of radially oriented elastic fibers that facilitate tissue movement by providing extension and subsequently recoil of the valve tissue (Vesely 1998).…”
Section: Tri-laminar Structure In Native Heart Valvesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Fibulin-1, which binds to Vcan and facilitates cleavage of proteoglycans by binding to ADAMTS proteases, is also highly expressed in the OFT cushion P-ECM [80][81][82]. Key M-ECM components include tenascin [23,83], periostin [23,54], fibrous collagens [54,84], and small leucine-rich proteoglycans [64,65]. Documenting changes in ECM components during AoV development in murine models of BAV will elucidate the interconnection of ECM remodeling and molecular signaling pathways involved in BAV formation.…”
Section: Characterization Of Ecm Components Relevant To the Conversion Of P-ecm To M-ecmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But the aggregation of calcium hydroxyapatite (calcification) that replaces degraded collagen can lead to an ultimate stiffening of the valve leaflets. We recommend the reader to these thorough reviews of the biomechanical changes of heart valves in heart valve disease [143][144][145].…”
Section: Biomechanical Alterations In Heart Valve Diseasementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, any changes in the collagen fiber orientation or ECM proteins will induce mechanical dysfunction and thus abnormal opening/closing of the valves. The necessity of investigation of valve ECM is recently reviewed [143]. Furthermore, for the atrioventricular valve (i.e., mitral valve or tricuspid valve), the additional connection of the leaflets (LL) to the chordae tendineae (CT) and then further to papillary muscles (PM) has extended the research into transition regions of LL-CT and CT-PM.…”
Section: Role Of Ecm In the Mechanics Of Heart Valvesmentioning
confidence: 99%