Biology and bionomics in Scotland of <i>Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi</i>

Parker, Nina

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1984.tb00698.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…So far, the greatest attention has been paid to the biology of Anthocoris gallarum-ulmi (Deg.) (PIASECKA 1969, PARKER 1984, A. nemorum (L.) (PESKA 1931;HILL 1957;COL-LYER 1967;PARKER 1975, etc. ) and A. confusus Reut.…”

Section: Mortality Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biology and harmfulness of Eriosoma (= Schizoneura) ulmi (L.) (Aphidinea, Pemphigidae) in elm

Urban¹

2003

J. For. Sci.

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The paper deals with the occurrence, development, natural enemies and harmfulness of a heteroecious aphid Eriosoma (= Schizoneura) ulmi (L.) which showed outbreaks in elm Ulmus glabra Huds. in Moravia in 2002. At main localities under study in Bílovice nad Svitavou and Brno-Jundrov, the aphid damaged about 63% leaves. Larvae of fundatrices hatched from mid-April and their development from hatching to maturity took about 14 days. Mature fundatrices occurred in May and reproduced for a period of 14 days. Their average physiological fecundity amounted to 311 larvae and ecological fecundity 291 larvae. Migrantes alatae occurred in galls from 18 May to 15 June and their physiological fecundity was about 22 larvae. Leaves were damaged even by 3 galls of an average length of 41 and width 11 mm. Sucking affected on average 11 cm<sup>2</sup>, i.e. 27% (in case of the occurrence of 2 or 3 even 100%) leaf area. Natural enemies killed 90% aphids. A bug Anthocoris confusus Reut. killing aphids in 80% galls was the most effective control agent. Its eggs occurred from 25 April to 25 May and nymphs from 3 May to 25 June. Larvae of Syrphidae [mainly Syrphus ribesii (L.)] killed the aphids in 4 and birds in 6% galls. E. ulmi should be considered to be an important occasional pest of orchards and forests.

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Section: Mortality Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biology of bugs from the genus Anthocoris F. significantly participating in killing E. ulmi in galls was studied e.g. by PESKA (1931), LESTON (1954), HILL (1957HILL ( , 1965, ANDERSON (1962), COLLYER (1967), PIASECKA (1969), PARKER (1984) etc. Parasitoids of the aphid are mentioned e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biology and harmfulness of Eriosoma (= Schizoneura) ulmi (L.) (Aphidinea, Pemphigidae) in elm

Urban¹

2003

J. For. Sci.

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Laboruntersuchungen zur Eignung einiger Blattlausarten als Beute der räuberischen Blumenwanze Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi (DeG.) (Het., Anthocoridae)

Ruth

Dwumfour

1989

J Applied Entomology

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Laboratory studies on the suitability of some aphid species for food of the predaceous flowerbug Anthocoris gallarum ulmi (DeG.) (Het., Anthocoridae) In order to initiate release of beneficial insects such as the predatory (= predaceous living) flowerbug Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi, in biological control strategies, it is important that a successful mass rearing is maintained. Feeding tests involving bugs and various aphid species such as the green peach aphid, Mycus persicae, the pea aphid, Acyrtosiphon pisum and the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae, were conducted under laboratory conditions (20–25 °C). All three aphid species were readily accepted by all stages of the predator. Larval development of bugs reared on the food of M. persicae and Ac. pisum was approximately 15 days with freshly emerged adults weighing between 1.0 and 1.6 mg. Females were in all cases heavier than their opposite sex partners. Females of peach and pea aphid origin laid on average 57 eggs. Larvae fed only the food of Aphis fabae showed a prolonged developement time averaging 25 days. Furthermore larval mortality (77%) on this food was highest for all tested prey species, and the average weight of adult bugs was half that noted for experimental animals reared on the two other aphid species. Unlike Anthocoris nemorum, laboratory rearing of A. gallarum‐ulmi is easier; the latter exercises no obligatory reproductive diapause. This bug proves therefore to be a potential enemy in the biological control of aphids. Zusammenfassung Um im Rahmen der biologischen Bekämpfung evtl. auch die räuberische Blumenwanze Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi einsetzen zu können, muß zuvor das Problem der Massenzucht dieses Predators gelöst werden. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Versuche zur Aufzucht der Wanze durchgeführt, wobei als Nahrung die Blattläuse Mycus persicae, Acyrtosiphon pisum und Aphis fabae dienten. Unter Laborbe‐dingungen (20–25 °C) wurden alle 3 Blattlausarten von allen Freßstadien der Wanze als Nahrung akzeptiert. Die Larvenentwicklung der Wanze bei Darbietung von M. persicae und Ac. pisum als Nahrung dauerte ca. 15 Tage. Die daraus hervorgehenden Adulten wogen, frisch geschlüpft, zwischen 1,0 und 1,6 mg, wobei Weibchen stets schwerer waren als Männchen. Weibliche Wanzen, die mit Ac. pisum bzw. M. persicae ernährt wurden, legten i. M. 55 bzw. 72 Eier ab. Dagegen zeigten Wanzenlarven, die mit Aphis fabae gefüttert wurden, mit i. M. 25 Tagen eine verlängerte Entwick‐lungszeit. Die Mortalitätsquote der Wanzenlarven war mit 77% bei dieser Nahrung die höchste der 3 Ernährungsarten, und das mittlere Gewicht der Adulten betrug nur etwa halb so viel wie bei Verwendung der beiden anderen Blattlausarten als Nahrung. Im Vergleich zu Anthocoris nemorum ist die Laborzucht von A. gallarum‐ulmi leichter, weil letztere keine obligatorische Reproduktions‐Diapause durchmacht. Diese Wanzenart eignet sich daher prinzipiell als ein Mittel zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Blattläusen.

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Mating Frequency and Fecundity in Insects

Ridley¹

1988

Biological Reviews

371

254

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Summary 1. The paper summarizes the published evidence on the relation between mating frequency and fecundity in insects. There is experimental evidence of varying quality for 63 species and non‐experimental evidence for about 60. 2. Repeated mating may be universally necessary for full fecundity and fertility in female insects (in species in which the females normally mate more than once). 3. The evidence is remarkably poor. We need more properly designed experiments (and not just observations of natural variation), with sufficient sample sizes and statistics, and measurements of the fecundities and fertilities of singly and multiply mated females, when the multiple matings are separated by many days or weeks. Most of the existing experiments of this sort are defective in some way. 4. In species with greater total fecundity and longevity, multiple mating may be more likely to enhance fertility than in species with small fecundity and short life span. 5. Females in naturally monandrous species do not show increased fecundity or fertility with repeated mating, whereas females of polyandrous species do. 6. There is no obvious connexion between paternal investment, in so far as we know about it, and the increase of fecundity by repeated mating. 7. There is a small tendency for females to breed more quickly and be shorter lived if they mate repeatedly.

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Biology and bionomics in Scotland of Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Biology and harmfulness of Eriosoma (= Schizoneura) ulmi (L.) (Aphidinea, Pemphigidae) in elm

Biology and harmfulness of Eriosoma (= Schizoneura) ulmi (L.) (Aphidinea, Pemphigidae) in elm

Laboruntersuchungen zur Eignung einiger Blattlausarten als Beute der räuberischen Blumenwanze Anthocoris gallarum‐ulmi (DeG.) (Het., Anthocoridae)

Mating Frequency and Fecundity in Insects

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