Biology and Biotechnology of Edible<i>Nostoc</i>

Han, Danxiang; Deng, Zhongyang; Lü, Fan; Hu, Zhengyu

doi:10.1002/9781118567166.ch23

“…Increasing the amount of L-serine in the vervets diet reduced the density of NFT and the risk of neurodegenerative pathological brain findings [56]. Recently, Downing and co-authors [208] revealed that human liver hepatocyte and intestinal epithelial cultures could not metabolize BMAA, demonstrating that BMAA detoxication is impossible and BMAA will likely accumulate in these cells [53].…”

Section: Toxin Exposure Pathways: Oral (Food)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nugumanova¹,

Ponomarev²,

Askarova³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. One of the implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids leading to mistranslation and protein misfolding. A better understanding of the interaction between the cyanopeptide metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent pathogenic response.

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“…Worryingly, exposure of crop plants to cyanotoxins through irrigation was already demonstrated [ 227 , 228 , 229 ]. For centuries some species of Nostoc —the symbiotic colonial cyanobacteria N. flagelliforme , N. commune , and N. sphaeroides —have been wild-harvested and consumed as a part of the traditional diet by indigenous people in different countries, including Peru, China, Ecuador, Mexico, Fiji, Philippines, Mongolia [ 230 , 231 , 232 , 233 ]. Cyanotoxins BMAA and its isomers were detected in dietary supplements [ 234 , 235 , 236 ].…”

Section: Toxin Exposure Pathwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nugumanova

¹

,

Ponomarev

²

,

Askarova

³

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to the neurotoxicity of cyanobacteria compounds include (1) blocking of key proteins and channels; (2) inhibition of essential enzymes in mammalian cells such as protein phosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatases as well as new molecular targets such as toll-like receptors 4 and 8. One of the widely discussed implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids. Recent research provides evidence that non-proteinogenic amino acid BMAA produced by cyanobacteria have multiple effects on translation process and bypasses the proof-reading ability of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase. Aberrant proteins generated by non-canonical translation may be a factor in neuronal death and neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that the production of cyanopeptides and non-canonical amino acids is a more general mechanism, leading to mistranslation, affecting protein homeostasis, and targeting mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It can be evolutionarily ancient and initially developed to control phytoplankton communities during algal blooms. Outcompeting gut symbiotic microorganisms may lead to dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, a shift in blood-brain-barrier functionality, and eventually, mitochondrial dysfunction in high-energy demanding neurons. A better understanding of the interaction between cyanopeptides metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

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References

2021

Microalgae

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Biology and Biotechnology of EdibleNostoc

Cited by 5 publications

References 57 publications

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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