Biology and chemistry of Ginkgo biloba

Singh, Bikram; Kaur, Pushpinder; Gopichand,; Singh, Raman; Ahuja, Paramvir Singh

doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2008.05.007

Cited by 353 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) is an ancient tree growing in China for centuries; however, it was only during the last couple of decades that its true value was recognized, being considered sacred for its health-promoting properties (Smith et al, 1996;Singh et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent decades, in Western countries, the concentrated extracts of the leaves have been marketed as herbal medicines due to the presence of bioactive components (e.g., terpenoids, polyphenols, organic acids, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids, inorganic salts and amino acids), and to the capacity to increase microcirculation in brain (with the supply of oxygen and nutrients) and in body extremities (Beek, 2002;Singh et al, 2008). Thus, it can be useful in the improvement of symptoms of poor memory, impaired mental concentration, particularly in the elderly, for whom this function is sometimes lowered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical characterization of Ginkgo biloba L. and antioxidant properties of its extracts and dietary supplements

Pereira

Barros

Ferreira

2013

Industrial Crops and Products

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Ginkgo biloba L. is the most commercialized medicinal plant worldwide, being its consumption related to prevention, and even decrease of the progression of degenerative neurological diseases. Considering the correlation between oxidative stress and the mentioned diseases, the antioxidant activity of different dietary supplements (syrup and several pills) was evaluated and compared to the leaves infusion, aqueous and methanolic extracts. Furthermore, G. biloba was chemically characterized in nutritional and bioactive components namely, fatty acids, sugars, organic acids, tocopherols, phenolics and flavonoids. Palmitic, α-linolenic and oleic acids were the main fatty acids found; fructose was the most abundant sugar; quinic acid was the most abundant organic acid and α-tocopherol was, by far, the most abundant vitamer. Dietary supplements showed higher antioxidant activity than G. biloba infusion and extracts due to their higher phenolics and flavonoids concentration. The pills with the highest concentration of plant extract (100 mg) allow the intake of the highest antioxidants concentration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical characterization of Ginkgo biloba L. and antioxidant properties of its extracts and dietary supplements

Pereira

Barros

Ferreira

2013

Industrial Crops and Products

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In Japan, to solve the odor problem caused by ginkgo fruit, all the ginkgo trees were replaced with other trees. However, the pollen from the male trees during the flowering season has to be removed every year to prevent bronchial diseases, such as allergies and rhinitis [1][2] (Wada et al, 1985;Singh et al, 2008). Symptoms, such as vomiting and spasms, are also caused by ginkgo seeds and street pollution reduces the daily quality of life [3][4][5] (Yamaguchi, 1977; Jung& Rho, 2010; Kajiyama et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Enzymatic Agents on the Ginkgo Fruit Ratio using Nano-Processing Technology

Lee¹,

Lee²,

So³

et al. 2018

International Journal of Forestry and Horticulture

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“…The active components of ginkgo biloba are flavonoid glycosides and terpene lactones [1]. Mechanisms accredited to ginkgo comprise free-radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and modulation of central neurotransmitter [2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation Effects of Piracetam and Ginkgo Biloba on the Cognitive and Working Memory Functions: Psychometric Study

Al-Kuraishy¹,

Al-Gareeb²,

Albuhadilly³

et al. 2014

J Neurol Neurophysiol

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Extracts of ginkgo biloba have been broadly prescribed toward advance symptoms of cognitive dysfunction ranging in severity from mild memory loss to dementia also; in delaying the development of dementia; ginkgo biloba has been encouraged commercially as a smart medicine to augment the brain function of healthy people. Piracetam is a no tropic remedy correlated to inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter. Piracetam may be the initial agent acting on cognitive function without sedation. Thirty subjects (30 males) arbitrarily choose as of medical college students. The contributors were allowable to perform mutually on the psychomotor performance device tester and the computerized n-back test (working memory task) to obtain knowledge from those tests sooner than the commencing of the examination. All psychometric response time and working memory test parameters calculated previous to the experimental research, so the identical volunteers considered as control and through four days of receiving the ginkgo biloba 60mg/day (trunature GSL),piracetam 800 mg/day (neutrophil) or both drugs so the enrolled participants divided into three groups .Group A take ginkgo biloba, group B take piracetam and group C take piracetam and ginkgo biloba.Piracetam significantly improve cognitive and working memory at all levels P<0.05 while it showed insignificant effects on psychometric reaction time parameters except it ameliorate the total reaction time (TRT) P <0.05. The differential effects of ginkgo biloba showed significant effects on psychometric reaction time and cognitive central Integrity P<0.05 and insignificant effects on working memory accuracy except at level І-Back where it produced significant effects P<0.05. Combined effects of ginko biloba and piracetam on psychomotor performances, cognitive function and working memory produced significant effects P <0.05.Conclusion: Combined effects of piracetam and ginkgo biloba produced more significant effects than either ginkgo biloba or piracetam alone on cognitive function and working memory.

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Biology and chemistry of Ginkgo biloba

Cited by 353 publications

References 54 publications

Chemical characterization of Ginkgo biloba L. and antioxidant properties of its extracts and dietary supplements

Chemical characterization of Ginkgo biloba L. and antioxidant properties of its extracts and dietary supplements

Influence of Enzymatic Agents on the Ginkgo Fruit Ratio using Nano-Processing Technology

Modulation Effects of Piracetam and Ginkgo Biloba on the Cognitive and Working Memory Functions: Psychometric Study

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