Biology and distribution of salps in the subarctic Northeast Pacific

Lüskow, Florian; Galbraith, Moira; Kwong, Lian E.; Pakhomov, Evgeny A.

doi:10.1007/s00227-022-04067-2

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The presence of salps in the epipelagic zone at OSP is recorded as far back as the 1970s (Galbraith, 2021), and the Line P program zooplankton time series (1997 to present) indicates the regular occurrence of seasonal salp blooms, including Salpa aspera , at OSP (Figure 7), as also documented by Lüskow et al. (2022). A seasonal composite of this 23‐year time series indicates peak salp abundance in June, when on average abundance is >2‐fold in August and September—the season we sampled (Figure 7), suggesting that salp‐mediated export is likely higher in late spring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…HNLC regions have recently been identified in a global carbon model as "hotspots" where gelatinous zooplankton increase benthic transfer efficiency (largely via carcass sinking) beyond what is currently depicted in biogeochemical models, thus supporting benthic food webs (Luo et al, 2020). Salps are distributed throughout the eastern subarctic Pacific (Lüskow et al, 2022), and salp blooms have previously been reported during summer at OSP (Cyclosalpa bakeri- Madin & Purcell, 1992;Madin et al, 1997;Purcell & Madin, 1991;species unreported-Thibault et al, 1999), as well as in spring and summer over the more productive continental shelf and slope waters of the Gulf of Alaska (Salpa aspera and C. bakeri- Li et al, 2016). Salps occurred at OSP in June 2018 prior to our cruise where they, along with other pelagic tunicates, were suggested to contribute to high total organic carbon concentrations measured in the bathypelagic zone (Lopez et al, 2020).…”

Section: Salps Increase Export and Efficiency Of The Biological Carbo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Outsized Role of Salps in Carbon Export in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean

Steinberg

Stamieszkin

Maas

et al. 2022

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Periodic blooms of salps (pelagic tunicates) can result in high export of organic matter, leading to an “outsized” role in the ocean's biological carbon pump (BCP). However, due to their episodic and patchy nature, salp blooms often go undetected and are rarely included in measurements or models of the BCP. We quantified salp‐mediated export processes in the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean in summer of 2018 during a bloom of Salpa aspera. Salps migrated from 300 to 750 m during the day into the upper 100 m at night. Salp fecal pellet production comprised up to 82% of the particulate organic carbon (POC) produced as fecal pellets by the entire epipelagic zooplankton community. Rapid sinking velocities of salp pellets (400–1,200 m d−1) and low microbial respiration rates on pellets (<1% of pellet C respired day−1) led to high salp pellet POC export from the euphotic zone‐up to 48% of total sinking POC across the 100 m depth horizon. Salp active transport of carbon by diel vertical migration and carbon export from sinking salp carcasses was usually <10% of the total sinking POC flux. Salp‐mediated export markedly increased BCP efficiency, increasing by 1.5‐fold the proportion of net primary production exported as POC across the base of the euphotic zone and by 2.6‐fold the proportion of this POC flux persisting 100 m below the euphotic zone. Salps have unique and important effects on ocean biogeochemistry and, especially in low flux settings, can dramatically increase BCP efficiency and thus carbon sequestration.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Salps Increase Export and Efficiency Of The Biological Carbo...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Outsized Role of Salps in Carbon Export in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean

Steinberg

Stamieszkin

Maas

et al. 2022

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In support of protogynous hermaphroditism, a recent report indicated sperm channels were only found in larger (i.e. older) blastozooids 73 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment

Castellano,

Batta-Lona,

Bucklin

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ocean warming favors pelagic tunicates, such as salps, that exhibit increasingly frequent and rapid population blooms, impacting trophic dynamics and composition and human marine-dependent activities. Salp blooms are a result of their successful reproductive life history, alternating seasonally between asexual and sexual protogynous (i.e. sequential) hermaphroditic stages. While predicting future salp bloom frequency and intensity relies on an understanding of the transitions during the sexual stage from female through parturition and subsequent sex change to male, these transitions have not been explored at the molecular level. Here we report the development of the first complete genome of S. thompsoni and the North Atlantic sister species S. aspera. Genome and comparative analyses reveal an abundance of repeats and G-quadruplex (G4) motifs, a highly stable secondary structure, distributed throughout both salp genomes, a feature shared with other tunicates that perform alternating sexual-asexual reproductive strategies. Transcriptional analyses across sexual reproductive stages for S. thompsoni revealed genes associated with male sex differentiation and spermatogenesis are expressed as early as birth and before parturition, inconsistent with previous descriptions of sequential sexual differentiation in salps. Our findings suggest salp are poised for reproductive success at birth, increasing the potential for bloom formation as ocean temperatures rise.

show abstract

“…The distribution of thaliaceans is known to be influenced by hydrodynamic conditions such as the sea temperature and salinity [3,8], the influx intensity of water masses within the study region [3,9], the availability of food [10], and various biological factors, including prey competition and predator-prey relationships [11][12][13]. Salpa fusiformis is the widest-ranging and most abundant thaliacean species worldwide, occurring in Pacific waters [12][13][14][15][16]. Mass aggregations of S. fusiformis have been reported to cause blockages in the cooling water supply screens of South Korea's nuclear power plants and to damage the nets of coastal fish farms [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the Occurrence of Salp and Doliolid Assemblages in the Northeastern East China Sea from 2019 to 2023

Choi,

Jeong,

Choo

et al. 2024

JMSE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study characterizes the distribution of salp and doliolid species in the northeastern East China Sea during spring and autumn and identifies the factors that regulate their abundance. The data were collected over four years (2019–2023, except 2020). During the survey period, the Tsushima Warm Current Surface and Bottom (TWCS and TWCB, respectively) and Yellow Sea Cold Bottom Water were influential in spring, while the Changjiang Diluted Water, Coastal Water, TWCS, and TWCB were dominant in autumn. The mean sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) in spring and the mean SST in autumn statistically decreased (p < 0.05), while the mean SSS in autumn statistically increased (p < 0.05). The spatial distribution of salp and doliolid species remained consistent in spring and autumn, although the dominant assemblage shifted seasonally. Spring was predominantly characterized by an abundance of salp species, whereas doliolid species were dominant in autumn, with their distribution and abundance influenced by different environmental factors such as temperature and salinity in spring and food availability in autumn. Our results provide valuable data on the factors affecting the presence of salp and doliolid species in the northeastern East China Sea.

show abstract

Biology and distribution of salps in the subarctic Northeast Pacific

Cited by 4 publications

References 54 publications

The Outsized Role of Salps in Carbon Export in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean

The Outsized Role of Salps in Carbon Export in the Subarctic Northeast Pacific Ocean

Salpa genome and developmental transcriptome analyses reveal molecular flexibility enabling reproductive success in a rapidly changing environment

Variation in the Occurrence of Salp and Doliolid Assemblages in the Northeastern East China Sea from 2019 to 2023

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About