Biology and genetic engineering of fruit maturation for enhanced quality and shelf-life

Matas, Antonio J.; Gapper, Nigel E.; Chung, Mi-Young; Giovannoni, James J.; Rose, Jocelyn K. C.

doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2009.02.015

Cited by 129 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…In addition, several major agronomical traits in tomato and in other fleshy fruit species (e.g. fruit growth, visual aspect, cracking, water loss, resistance to pathogens, and postharvest shelf-life) are highly dependent on fruit cuticle (Bargel and Neinhuis, 2005;Saladié et al, 2007;Matas et al, 2009;Domínguez et al, 2011;Parsons et al, 2012). An increasing number of studies highlight the possibilities offered by tomato for analyzing cuticle architecture, mechanical properties, and permeability (López-Casado et al, 2007;Saladié et al, 2007;MintzOron et al, 2008;Buda et al, 2009;Isaacson et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2011) and for discovering genes contributing to cuticle synthesis and regulation (Hovav et al, 2007;Mintz-Oron et al, 2008;Girard et al, 2012;Nadakuduti et al, 2012;Yeats et al, 2012b;Shi et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Tomato Fruit Brightness Mutants Uncover Both Cutin-Deficient and Cutin-Abundant Mutants and a New Hypomorphic Allele of GDSL Lipase

et al. 2013

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The cuticle is a protective layer synthesized by epidermal cells of the plants and consisting of cutin covered and filled by waxes. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit, the thick cuticle embedding epidermal cells has crucial roles in the control of pathogens, water loss, cracking, postharvest shelf-life, and brightness. To identify tomato mutants with modified cuticle composition and architecture and to further decipher the relationships between fruit brightness and cuticle in tomato, we screened an ethyl methanesulfonate mutant collection in the miniature tomato cultivar Micro-Tom for mutants with altered fruit brightness. Our screen resulted in the isolation of 16 glossy and 8 dull mutants displaying changes in the amount and/or composition of wax and cutin, cuticle thickness, and surface aspect of the fruit as characterized by optical and environmental scanning electron microscopy. The main conclusions on the relationships between fruit brightness and cuticle features were as follows: (1) screening for fruit brightness is an effective way to identify tomato cuticle mutants; (2) fruit brightness is independent from wax load variations; (3) glossy mutants show either reduced or increased cutin load; and (4) dull mutants display alterations in epidermal cell number and shape. Cuticle composition analyses further allowed the identification of groups of mutants displaying remarkable cuticle changes, such as mutants with increased dicarboxylic acids in cutin. Using genetic mapping of a strong cutindeficient mutation, we discovered a novel hypomorphic allele of GDSL lipase carrying a splice junction mutation, thus highlighting the potential of tomato brightness mutants for advancing our understanding of cuticle formation in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyses of Tomato Fruit Brightness Mutants Uncover Both Cutin-Deficient and Cutin-Abundant Mutants and a New Hypomorphic Allele of GDSL Lipase

et al. 2013

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“…These studies suggest that many cell wall activities are involved in texture changes, including multiple members of the same gene family. Additionally, it is now apparent that other factors, such as cuticle properties, play a much more important role than previously thought (Matas et al, 2009).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Extensive research has focused on the biochemical and molecular aspects of fruit ripening using tomato as a model system. During tomato ripening, remodeling and degradation of the cell wall is intimately involved in softening (Crookes and Grierson, 1983;Seymour et al, 1990;Matas et al, 2009). Several single gene mutants in tomato have been identified that have a global effect on ripening and texture.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Mapping of a Fruit Firmness-Related Quantitative Trait Locus in Tomato Reveals Epistatic Interactions Associated with a Complex Combinatorial Locus

Chapman

Bonnet²,

Grivet³

et al. 2012

Plant Physiology

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Fruit firmness in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is determined by a number of factors including cell wall structure, turgor, and cuticle properties. Firmness is a complex polygenic trait involving the coregulation of many genes and has proved especially challenging to unravel. In this study, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for fruit firmness was mapped to tomato chromosome 2 using the Zamir Solanum pennellii interspecific introgression lines (ILs) and fine-mapped in a population consisting of 7,500 F2 and F3 lines from IL 2-3 and IL 2-4. This firmness QTL contained five distinct subpeaks, Fir s.p. QTL2.1 to Fir s.p. QTL2.5, and an effect on a distal region of IL 2-4 that was nonoverlapping with IL 2-3. All these effects were located within an 8.6-Mb region. Using genetic markers, each subpeak within this combinatorial locus was mapped to a physical location within the genome, and an ethylene response factor (ERF) underlying Fir s.p. QTL2.2 and a region containing three pectin methylesterase (PME) genes underlying Fir s.p. QTL2.5 were nominated as QTL candidate genes. Statistical models used to explain the observed variability between lines indicated that these candidates and the nonoverlapping portion of IL 2-4 were sufficient to account for the majority of the fruit firmness effects. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify the expression of each candidate gene. ERF showed increased expression associated with soft fruit texture in the mapping population. In contrast, PME expression was tightly linked with firm fruit texture. Analysis of a range of recombinant lines revealed evidence for an epistatic interaction that was associated with this combinatorial locus.

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“…Fruit ripening and development is well established to be under tight genetic control (Matas et al, 2009;Karlova et al, 2011;Klee and Giovannoni, 2011). A growing body of evidence suggests that, in parallel, large metabolic shifts additionally occur during this process (Carrari and Fernie, 2006;Osorio et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the Interconversion of Pyruvate and Malate in the Plastid or Cytosol of Ripening Tomato Fruit Invokes Diverse Consequences on Sugar But Similar Effects on Cellular Organic Acid, Metabolism, and Transitory Starch Accumulation

et al. 2012

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The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of decreased cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and plastidic NADP-dependent malic enzyme (ME) on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) ripening. Transgenic tomato plants with strongly reduced levels of PEPCK and plastidic NADP-ME were generated by RNA interference gene silencing under the control of a ripening-specific E8 promoter. While these genetic modifications had relatively little effect on the total fruit yield and size, they had strong effects on fruit metabolism. Both transformants were characterized by lower levels of starch at breaker stage. Analysis of the activation state of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase correlated with the decrease of starch in both transformants, which suggests that it is due to an altered cellular redox status. Moreover, metabolic profiling and feeding experiments involving positionally labeled glucoses of fruits lacking in plastidic NADP-ME and cytosolic PEPCK activities revealed differential changes in overall respiration rates and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle flux. Inactivation of cytosolic PEPCK affected the respiration rate, which suggests that an excess of oxaloacetate is converted to aspartate and reintroduced in the TCA cycle via 2-oxoglutarate/glutamate. On the other hand, the plastidic NADP-ME antisense lines were characterized by no changes in respiration rates and TCA cycle flux, which together with increases of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activities indicate that pyruvate is supplied through these enzymes to the TCA cycle. These results are discussed in the context of current models of the importance of malate during tomato fruit ripening.

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Biology and genetic engineering of fruit maturation for enhanced quality and shelf-life

Cited by 129 publications

References 54 publications

Analyses of Tomato Fruit Brightness Mutants Uncover Both Cutin-Deficient and Cutin-Abundant Mutants and a New Hypomorphic Allele of GDSL Lipase

Analyses of Tomato Fruit Brightness Mutants Uncover Both Cutin-Deficient and Cutin-Abundant Mutants and a New Hypomorphic Allele of GDSL Lipase

High-Resolution Mapping of a Fruit Firmness-Related Quantitative Trait Locus in Tomato Reveals Epistatic Interactions Associated with a Complex Combinatorial Locus

Alteration of the Interconversion of Pyruvate and Malate in the Plastid or Cytosol of Ripening Tomato Fruit Invokes Diverse Consequences on Sugar But Similar Effects on Cellular Organic Acid, Metabolism, and Transitory Starch Accumulation

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