Biology and human life, by Benjamin C. Gruenberg ...

Gruenberg, Benjamin C.

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.5911

Cited by 4 publications

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“…?he transferrin receptor (second peak in fraction 4), however, did not entirely co-migrate with the internalized H RP (peak in fractions 5 and 6). This slight separation is likely to reflect the fact that the transferrin receptor has been shown to be concentrated within specialized membrane domains, described by Maxfield and co-workers as recycling endosomes, which are distinct from the conventional early endosomes containing the bulk of endocytosed H R P (referred to as sorting endosomes by the Maxfield group) [20]. Interestingly, we found that the small GTPase Arf6, which has been implicated in transferrin receptor recycling, comigrated with the transferrin receptor, in agreement with several recent studies [21-231. Finally, the distribution of caveolin-1 was striking since it was found exclusively in the lighter fractions of the gradient also containing the biotinylated plasma membrane proteins, thereby confirming our separation procedure.…”

Section: Separation Of Early Endosomes and Plasma Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of early steps in endocytic membrane transport

Goot

1997

Electrophoresis

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We describe a simple subcellular fractionation scheme aimed at separating early endosomes from the plasma membrane in view of studying the possible arrival of plasma membrane-bound toxins, proteins or other extracellular ligands in endosomes. Plasma membrane proteins were labeled with the impermeable reagent sulfosuccinimidyl-6-(biotinamido)hexanoate (NHS-LC) biotin at 4 degrees C. In a separate set of cells, early endosomes were labeled by internalization of horseradish peroxidase from the medium for 5 min. The first step of the purification, which consists of a step sucrose gradient, led to three fractions, respectively: enriched in biosynthetic membranes (interface 3), in plasma membrane and early endosomes (interface 2), and in late endosomes (interface 1). The second step, in which interface 2 was loaded at the bottom of a 17% Percoll gradient, led to the separation of the plasma membrane, including caveolae and cholesterol-glycolipid rafts, from early endosomes. Western blot analysis of the fractions from the Percoll gradient showed that the transferrin receptor, the small GTPases rab5 and Arf6, as well as annexin II were present both at the plasma membrane and in early endosomes, whereas the caveolar marker caveolin, 1co, migrated only with the biotinylated plasma membrane proteins. We used this fractionation procedure to show that the pore-forming toxin aerolysin does not reach the endocytic compartments of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. The procedure should be generally useful in rapidly determining whether extracellular proteins or ligands reach endosomes.

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Section: Separation Of Early Endosomes and Plasma Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Separation of early steps in endocytic membrane transport

Goot

1997

Electrophoresis

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“…Definitions of evolution, fossils and other remains as evidence of evolution, cultyral evolution, and the Darwinian thesis of evolution were topics discussed most frequently. Two textbooks (Gruenberg, 1925;Kinsey, 1926) had extensive coverage of natural selection. Kinsey's (1926) Introduction to Biology gave more coverage to evolution than any other textbook of this period.…”

Section: Summary: 1920-1 929mentioning

confidence: 99%

Topic of evolution in secondary school biology textbooks: 1900‐1977

Skoog

1979

Science Education

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“…On July 10, 1925, the first day of the trial, Gruenberg wrote to one of his editors, ''[t]his is worth getting into, and it should not take more than a few days.'' 70 He also sent both a telegram and letter back to Darrow, ''I should consider it a privilege to be of assistance in this very important trial.'' 71 On July 11, Gruenberg received an urgent telegram from L. D. Roberson, the Partner-in-Charge of Tennessee at Ginn.…”

Section: A Textbook View Of the Scopes Trialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civic Biology and the Origin of the School Antievolution Movement

Shapiro

2008

J Hist Biol

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In discussing the origins of the antievolution movement in American high schools within the framework of science and religion, much is overlooked about the influence of educational trends in shaping this phenomenon. This was especially true in the years before the 1925 Scopes trial, the beginnings of the school antievolution movement. There was no sudden realization in the 1920's--sixty years after the Origin of Species was published--that Darwinism conflicted with the Bible, but until evolution was being taught in the high schools, there was no impetus to outlaw it. The creation of "civic biology" curricula in the late 1910's and early 20's, spearheaded by a close-knit community of textbook authors, brought evolution into the high school classroom as part of a complete reshaping of "biology" as a school subject. It also incorporated progressive ideologies about the purposes of compulsory public education in shaping society, and civic biology was fundamentally focused on the applications of the life sciences to human life. Antievolution legislation was part of a broader response to the ideologies of the new biology field, and was a reaction not only to the content of the new subject, but to the increasingly centralized control and regulation of education. Viewing the early school antievolution movement through the science-religion conflict is an artifact of the Scopes trial's re-creation of its origins. What largely caused support for the school antievolution movement in the South and particularly Tennessee were concerns over public education, which biology came to epitomize.

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Biology and human life, by Benjamin C. Gruenberg ...

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Separation of early steps in endocytic membrane transport

Separation of early steps in endocytic membrane transport

Topic of evolution in secondary school biology textbooks: 1900‐1977

Civic Biology and the Origin of the School Antievolution Movement

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