Biology and Management of Early Dying of Potatoes

Powelson, M. L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.phyto.31.1.111

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Verticillium wilt (VW) is one of the most important yield-limiting diseases in potato production (Powelson and Rowe 1993). It is mainly caused by the soil borne fungi Verticillium dahliae Kleb, and Verticillium alboatrum Reink and Berth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for early generation selection to identify potato clones with resistance to Verticillium wilt

2008

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Verticillium wilt (VW) of potato, caused primarily by the fungus Verticillium dahliae, results in yield loss and is therefore an important soil-borne disease. Resistance to VW exists in potato germplasm and is used by breeders during cultivar development. Breeders could make more rapid progress toward the development of VW resistant clones if they had an eVective early generation selection strategy. The purpose of this study was to determine whether selection for VW resistance could be carried out in the Wrst tuber generation on single hills. One hundred and Wfty-two clones from 19 families were planted as single hills on a V. dahliae-infested Weld. Each plant was scored for vine maturity, VW symptom expression, yield, stem colonization (colony forming units (cfu), in dried basal stem segments) and incidence (percent infected stems). In the second clonal generation, which consisted of replicated four-hill plots, stem colonization scores and incidence values were used to identify clones which were more resistant than a moderately resistant cultivar and others which were more susceptible than a susceptible cultivar. The eYciency and reliability of the single-hill selection strategy, based on symptoms and yield, was then determined by comparison to the four-hill results. We determined that the best single-hill selection strategy was negative selection (discard clones with the lowest performance) with low stringency, based on yield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential for early generation selection to identify potato clones with resistance to Verticillium wilt

2008

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“…Verticillium wilt (27) and potato scab (21) are two important diseases of potato {Solatium tuberosum L.) in North America and worldwide. Verticillium wilt is caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Verticillium wilt is caused by the fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb. in association with various nematode species (22,27,33). Infection is initiated from microsclerotia (MS), which overwinter in soil or in infected plant debris.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The incidence and severity of verticillium wilt has been demonstrated to be directly related to the soil density of MS (28,45), and since MS are the primary source of inoculum, they are the ideal targets for disease control. Reduction of plant pathogenic nematode populations, however, will also result in reduced wilt severity (27). Potato scab is caused by Gram-positive bacteria belonging to several Streptomyces spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduction of potato scab, verticillium wilt, and nematodes by soymeal and meat and bone meal in two Ontario potato fields

Lazarovits

Conn

Potter

1999

Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology

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Soymeal (SM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) were incorporated into soil to a depth of 15 cm at a rate of 37 t/ha at two commercial potato (Solatium tuberosum) fields in Ontario in the spring of 1996. The incidence of verticillium wilt and potato scab, the population of plant parasitic nematodes, and the soil chemistry and microbiology were monitored in three subsequent crops of potatoes in 1996-1998. Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia (MS) were buried in the soil immediately after incorporation of the amendments, both in the field and in a concurrent laboratory assay using soil from the field placed in test tubes, and the viability of the MS was determined 4 weeks later. Both treatments reduced the incidence of verticillium wilt, potato scab, and the nematode population to near zero levels in 1996. Reduced disease levels were still evident in the 1997 crop, but by 1998, disease levels were equal to or higher than those in the control treatments. Nematode numbers remained below control levels for the 3 years of this study. Yields were significantly reduced in treated plots in the first year but because tubers were scab free, the marketable yield did not differ from the control plots. In the second year, total yields were higher in treated plots but the increase was significant from the control only with MBM at one site. The overall population of soil bacteria increased 100-fold immediately after the addition of SM and MBM and returned to control levels by the end of the first season. There was an initial elevation of soil pH from 6.0 to 8.5 at both sites and a corresponding increase in ammonia levels 2 weeks after incorporation. Nitrite and nitrate levels were also higher than those of the control treatments after 4 weeks. SM and MBM reduced MS viability by 72-100% of the control treatments at both sites, which was positively correlated with the incidence of verticillium wilt of the crop in the first season (r = 0.9, P < 0.0001). Thus, the V. dahliae MS bioassay, in conjunction with the laboratory assay, predicted the efficacy of these amendments for reducing verticillium will in the field.Résumé : Au printemps de 1996, du tourteau de soja (TS) ainsi que de la farine de viande et d'os (FVO) ont été incorporés au sol a une profondeur de 15 cm et a un taux de 37 t/ha dans deux champs de pommes de terre {Solarium tuberosum) de l'Ontario. Les frequences de la verticilliose et de la gale commune de la pomme de terre, la population de nematodes phytoparasites, ainsi que la chimie et la microbiologie du sol ont été analysées lors de trois cultures subséquentes de pommes de terre de 1996 a 1998. Des microsclérotes du Verticillium dahliae (MS) ont été enfouis dans Ie sol immédiatement après 1'incorporation d'amendements, tant au champ que dans un essai parallèle en laboratoire oü du sol des champs fut place en éprouvette et la viabilité des MS déterminée 4 semaines plus tard. En 1996, les deux traitements ont presque éliminé la verticilliose, la gale commune et la population de nematodes. Cette diminution de la maladie étai...

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“…All of these have the potential to negatively impact potato yields and grades. The use of crop rotation as a management tool has received considerable attention in the literature (e.g., Geels et al 1986;Scholte 1992;Umaerus 1992;and Powelson and Rowe 1993). Umareus (1992) concluded that research indicates potato diseases and pests have been successfully managed by the use of crop rotations and that short potato rotations increase contamination of the soil by certain fungi, bacteria, nematodes and insects.…”

Section: Production or Disease Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Crop Rotation of Idaho Potatoes

et al. 2008

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Idaho's potato growers face increasing price and production risks as the potato industry undergoes structural change. In response, producers have shortened potato crop rotation to counteract the price risk. A risk-neutral discrete stochastic sequential programming (DSSP) model was developed to analyze the affects of the shortened rotation on expected revenue with incorporated price and production risks. The results support the following conclusions: land constraints due to equipment, labor, and capital efficiency alter optimal rotations; given no land constraints, a whole farm 607.3 ha simulation yields the same results as a per-hectare analysis with Potatoes-Wheat-Wheat-Potatoes being the optimal rotation; and longer rotation cycles generate the highest expected revenue per-hectare. Additional conclusions were that the open market generates higher expected revenue when compared to contracts; producers can counteract some of the loss of expected revenues in the contracted market with lower production risk from longer rotation cycles; Idaho potato producers may not be operating at a risk-neutral level.Resumen Los productores de papa de Idaho enfrentan el aumento de los riegos del precio y de producción a medida que la industria de papa sufre cambios estructurales. En respuesta, los productores han acortado la rotación del cultivo de papa para contrarrestar el riesgo del precio. Un modelo de programación secuencial estocástica discreta (DSSP) de riesgo neutral que incorpora los riesgos de precio y producción fue desarrollado para analizar los efectos de una rotación corta sobre los ingresos esperados. Los resultados justifican las siguientes conclusiones: las limitaciones debidas al equipo, trabajo y eficiencia del capital alteran las rotaciones óptimas; cuando no hay tales limitaciones, el rendimiento total de una granja simulada de 607.3 hectáreas da los mismos resultados que el análisis por hectárea siendo la rotación óptima Papa-Trigo-Trigo-Papa; y los ciclos de rotación más largos generan los ingresos esperados por hectárea más altos. Las conclusiones adicionales fueron que el mercado libre genera los ingresos esperados más altos en comparación con los contratos; los productores pueden contrarrestar algunas pérdidas de sus ingresos esperados en el mercado pactado al tener un menor riesgo de producción cuando se usa ciclos rotación más largos; los productores de papa de Idaho pueden no estar operando a nivel de riesgo neutral.

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Biology and Management of Early Dying of Potatoes

Cited by 29 publications

References 48 publications

The potential for early generation selection to identify potato clones with resistance to Verticillium wilt

The potential for early generation selection to identify potato clones with resistance to Verticillium wilt

Reduction of potato scab, verticillium wilt, and nematodes by soymeal and meat and bone meal in two Ontario potato fields

Optimal Crop Rotation of Idaho Potatoes

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