Biology and Management of European Earwig in Orchards and Vineyards

Orpet, Robert J.; Crowder, David W.; Jones, Vincent P.

doi:10.1093/jipm/pmz019

Cited by 36 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…The middle European populations are confirmed as F. auricularia and are geographically separated from the other three newly described species 16 . The earwig is commonly found in orchards, where it provides an important biological control 17–20 . It is able to predate on numerous orchard pest species, including a wide range of aphids, 21–24 scale insects, 25–27 moth pests, 28,29 and psyllids 30–32 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Knowledge of earwig activity on trees during the year may give reliable information on the optimal timing of some management practices 34,35 . According to the summary of the phenology of the European earwig in the northern hemisphere, the main activities of the fourth instars and adults take place from April to October 19 . Monitoring methods focused on earwigs are an important tool to obtain information concerning the incidence and abundance of this species in time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monitoring methods focused on earwigs are an important tool to obtain information concerning the incidence and abundance of this species in time. European earwigs were monitored using traps, which are often made from corrugated cardboard and placed in trees 19,20,26,36,37 . The construction and dimensions of traps differ, therefore it is possible to assume that the trapping efficiency also differs, as has been shown, for example, in spiders 38 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16 The earwig is commonly found in orchards, where it provides an important biological control. [17][18][19][20] It is able to predate on numerous orchard pest species, including a wide range of aphids, [21][22][23][24] scale insects, [25][26][27] moth pests, 28,29 and psyllids. [30][31][32] The quality of pest regulation services depends on the European earwig population density, which is regulated to a large extent by orchard management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34,35 According to the summary of the phenology of the European earwig in the northern hemisphere, the main activities of the fourth instars and adults take place from April to October. 19 Monitoring methods focused on earwigs are an important tool to obtain information concerning the incidence and abundance of this species in time. European earwigs were monitored using traps, which are often made from corrugated cardboard and placed in trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest

Niedobová

Skalský

Ouředníčková

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND We investigated several aspects that could affect the role of the European earwig (Forficula auricularia) as a generalist predator in orchards: (i) seasonal activity in apple orchards, (ii) effectiveness of two cardboard trap types (roll vs tape) to enhance earwig densities, (iii) the effect of pesticides (chlorpyrifos‐methyl, spinosad, indoxacarb, spirotetramat, pirimicarb, sulphur, fluopyram tebuconazole) on earwig survival and behaviour, and (iv) the perception of European fruit growers of the earwigs’ role as a predator or pest. RESULTS The highest activity of earwigs in apple trees was observed in summer. Roll traps were a more effective capture method than tape traps. The roll traps also significantly increased earwig abundances in trees. Only the earwigs exposed to the insecticides indoxacarb, spinosad and chlorpyrifos‐methyl had significantly higher mortality and more erratic behaviour than earwigs from the control treatment. Earwigs from orchards with long‐term (>10 years) application of chlorpyrifos‐methyl had significantly lower mortality when exposed to this insecticide than earwigs from nonsprayed orchards. The fruit growers perceived earwigs as natural enemies of aphids and psyllids but also as pests. However, they regarded the damage caused by earwigs as economically unimportant without the necessity for management against them. CONCLUSION Fruit growers can increase earwig densities by installing rolled cardboard bands around trees. The highest seasonal activity of European earwigs coincides with applications of insecticides in orchards. This could disturb the earwigs' potential to suppress pest populations because several insecticides widely used in orchards have lethal and sublethal effects on earwigs even though they seem to develop some degree of pesticide resistance over time. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest

Niedobová

Skalský

Ouředníčková

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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The ring‐legged earwig Euborellia annulipes as a new model for oogenesis and development studies in insects

et al. 2022

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Insects are the dominant group of animals on Earth. Despite this abundance, most of our knowledge about many aspects of their biology and development come from a unique model, the vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Nevertheless, in the last years, the advances in molecular tools and imaging techniques have allowed the emergence of new insect models, adding valuable information to decipher the morphogenetic bases behind the formation and evolution of the vast diversity of shapes, sizes, and patterns that characterize them. Earwigs belong to Dermaptera which is a small order clustered in the Polyneopteran group. They are hemimetabolous insects with a flattened body, characteristic abdominal pincers, and maternal care behavior. This last feature and their role in agroecosystems have been studied in cosmopolitan species such as Forficula auricularia and Euborellia annulipes; however, their reproduction and embryonic development have been poorly addressed in laboratory conditions. In response, here we describe the ring‐legged earwig Euborellia annulipes embryogenesis and life cycle from nymphal to adult stages, its reproduction, and essential morphological and behavioral characters. Additionally, using confocal and transmission electron microscopy we analyzed in detail the morphogenesis of its peculiar meroistic polytrophic ovary. Our aim is to provide an emerging model system to perform comparative studies on insect oogenesis, development, and morphological evolution.

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Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming

Reiff

Sudarsan

Hoffmann

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Pesticides are considered main contributors to global arthropod declines and therefore may decrease the provision of ecosystem services such as natural pest control. Organic farming and cultivating pest‐ and disease‐resistant varieties can allow pesticide applications and their impacts on nontarget organisms and the environment to be reduced. We investigated the effects of organic versus conventional management and fungus‐resistant versus susceptible wine grape varieties on arthropod biodiversity and pest control of grape berry moths in 32 vineyards in the Palatinate region, Germany. Hazard quotients of applied pesticides were calculated for each vineyard. RESULTS The cultivation of fungus‐resistant varieties led to significantly reduced hazard quotients and in turn enhanced abundances of natural enemies, particularly theridiid and philodromid spiders. Unexpectedly, organic management resulted in higher hazard quotients than conventional management and reduced numbers of natural enemies, particularly earwigs. Pest predation rates showed no significant differences between grape varieties or management types. CONCLUSION Widespread benefits of organic management on arthropod biodiversity found in other crops were absent in our viticultural study region. This is likely due to the dominant role of fungal diseases in viticulture, which requires high numbers of fungicide treatments under both conventional and organic viticulture. Thus, fungicide reduction through the cultivation of fungus‐resistant grape varieties is one key element to fostering the abundance of arthropods in general and beneficial arthropods in particular. Beyond vineyards, this is potentially relevant in numerous other crop types. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Biology and Management of European Earwig in Orchards and Vineyards

Cited by 36 publications

References 82 publications

Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest

Forficula auricularia (Dermaptera) in orchards: Monitoring seasonal activity, the effect of pesticides, and the perception of European fruit growers on its role as a predator or pest

The ring‐legged earwig Euborellia annulipes as a new model for oogenesis and development studies in insects

Arthropods on grapes benefit more from fungicide reduction than from organic farming

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