Biology and neurobiology of Borna disease viruses (BDV), defined by antibodies, neutralizability and their pathogenic potential

Ludwig, Hanns; Furuya, Koji; Bode, Liv; Klein, Nigel; Dürrwald, Ralf; Lee, D. S.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9300-6_10

Cited by 80 publications

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“…These findings support the classical observations that horses dying acutely of BD may frequently be seronegative and virus isolation negative, hence serology and virus isolation may be of limited help in these instances. 14,16 Conversely, the surviving pony developed high convalescent anti-BDV titers by all 3 serologic measures employed, but the clinical signs were reduced by the time this occurred. Seroconversion did not occur simultaneously on the IFA, cELISA, and immunoblot tests as animals initially became seropositive to BDV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

“…16 In recent years, however, natural or experimental infections with BDV have been confirmed or suspected in a much wider range of host species, including cattle, cats, ostriches, rodents, rabbits, and possibly humans. 2,4,8,[13][14][15] In vitro understanding of BDV has also increased dramatically in the last decade as cell culture and molecular techniques have been used to study the virus. [5][6][7]14 BDV is an 8.9-kilobase negative polarity, nonsegmented, enveloped RNA virus that encodes 5 open reading frames (ORF).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…2,4,8,[13][14][15] In vitro understanding of BDV has also increased dramatically in the last decade as cell culture and molecular techniques have been used to study the virus. [5][6][7]14 BDV is an 8.9-kilobase negative polarity, nonsegmented, enveloped RNA virus that encodes 5 open reading frames (ORF). 7 At least 3 of these ORFs are expressed in infected animals and cell cultures, and animals may respond serologically to these 3 expressed proteins: p14, p24, and p38-40.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…7 At least 3 of these ORFs are expressed in infected animals and cell cultures, and animals may respond serologically to these 3 expressed proteins: p14, p24, and p38-40. 3,14 There are no published reports of experimental BDV infections in horses, which have historically been considered the prototypic natural virus host. The study reported here was designed to provide an experimentally confirmed diagnostic clinical, serologic, and routine histopathologic profile of BDV infection in horses.…”

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Clinical, Serologic, and Histopathologic Characterization of Experimental Borna Disease in Ponies

et al. 1998

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Abstract. Borna disease was originally described as an equine neurologic syndrome over 200 years ago, although the infectious etiology of the disorder was unproven until the early 20th century. Borna disease virus (BDV) was finally isolated from horses dying of the disorder, and that virus has been used to experimentally reproduce Borna disease in several species of laboratory animals. However, BDV has never been inoculated back into horses to experimentally and etiologically confirm the classic clinical, pathologic, and serologic characteristics of the disease in that species. Three ponies were intracerebrally inoculated with different amounts of BDV and were evaluated clinically, serologically, and neurohistopathologically. All 3 animals developed the clinical signs characteristically described for naturally occurring Borna disease, including ataxia, torticollis, postural unawareness, rhythmic repetitive motor activities, muscle fasciculation, and cutaneous hyperesthesia and hypoesthesia over several body surfaces. Two ponies died after rapid onset of these signs 28-30 days postinoculation. The third animal made a nearly complete clinical recovery. Seroconversion occurred only after the onset of signs and to a marked degree only in the convalescent animal. Virus was recovered postmortem from 2 of the 3 ponies, and a BDV-specific nucleic acid sequence was detectable in all 3 animals using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction procedure. Gross neural lesions were absent, but histopathologically there was generalized intense mononuclear perivascular cuffing, glial nodule formation, and astrocytosis in all 3 brains. Confirming a diagnosis of Borna disease is difficult and perhaps best accomplished using a combination of the clinical, serologic, and histopathologic indicators of this unusual disease supported by positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction findings.Borna disease (BD) was originally described as a sporadic, usually fatal neurologic affliction of horses and sheep in southern Germany. 16 The viral etiology of the disease was eventually proven, and the etiologic agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), was propagated in cell cultures. 16 In recent years, however, natural or experimental infections with BDV have been confirmed or suspected in a much wider range of host species, including cattle, cats, ostriches, rodents, rabbits, and possibly humans. 2,4,8,[13][14][15] In vitro understanding of BDV has also increased dramatically in the last decade as cell culture and molecular techniques have been used to study the virus. [5][6][7]14 BDV is an 8.9-kilobase negative polarity, nonsegmented, enveloped RNA virus that encodes 5 open reading frames (ORF). 7 At least 3 of these ORFs are expressed in infected animals and cell cultures, and animals may respond serologically to these 3 expressed proteins: p14, p24, and p38-40. 3,14 There are no published reports of experimental Received for publication October 9, 1997.BDV infections in horses, which have historically been considered the prototyp...

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Clinical, Serologic, and Histopathologic Characterization of Experimental Borna Disease in Ponies

et al. 1998

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Higher prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in blood donors living near thoroughbred horse farms

et al. 1997

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It is believed that Borna disease virus (BDV), an etiological agent of progressive polioencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, is closely associated with psychiatric disorders in humans since the prevalence of BDV is higher in psychiatric patients than in blood donors. We investigated whether or not BDVs in humans are derived from infected domestic animals, by characterizing the BDVs in blood donors and horses derived from the same region of Hokkaido island, Japan. The seroprevalences (2.6 to 14.8%) of BDV were significantly higher in the blood donors from four regions where most horse farms are concentrated, compared with only 1% in the blood donors from Sapporo, the largest city in Hokkaido.BDV RNA was also detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from most of the seropositive horses and blood donors by nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. These findings support that BDV may be horizontally transmitted, at least in part, from infected horses to humans.

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Bornaviruses

Lipkin¹,

Briese²

2011

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented negative‐strand ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that is unique among viruses of the order Mononegavirales in its genomic organisation, nuclear localisation for replication and transcription, splicing and neurotropism. Most reports of natural infection have described outbreaks in horses and sheep in central Europe; however, the virus appears to be distributed worldwide and has the potential to infect many, if not all, warm‐blooded hosts, causing disorders of the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems. In horses and sheep BDV is associated with fatal meningoencephalitis. In parrots and related exotic birds the recently characterised avian Bornavirus (ABV) may also infect the central nervous system; however, disease is typically manifest as a wasting disease due to autonomic nervous system infection and impaired peristalsis in the gastrointestinal tract. Whether bornaviruses infect humans remains controversial. Key Concepts: Borna disease virus is unique in its molecular biology, broad host range and neurotropism. As the first infectious agent identified through subtractive cloning Borna disease virus is an example of the power of molecular biology in pathogen discovery. The controversy over the role of Borna disease virus in human disease illustrates the complexity of proving causation using molecular diagnostics.

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Biology and neurobiology of Borna disease viruses (BDV), defined by antibodies, neutralizability and their pathogenic potential

Cited by 80 publications

References 41 publications

Clinical, Serologic, and Histopathologic Characterization of Experimental Borna Disease in Ponies

Clinical, Serologic, and Histopathologic Characterization of Experimental Borna Disease in Ponies

Higher prevalence of Borna disease virus infection in blood donors living near thoroughbred horse farms

Bornaviruses

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