Biology and Population Changes of Northern Sand Lance (<i>Ammodytes dubius</i>) from the Gulf of Maine to the Middle Atlantic Bight

Nelson, Gary A.; Ross, Michael

doi:10.2960/j.v11.a2

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…During annual increases in secondary production in the central GoM and Scotian Shelf, Calanus finmarchicus emerges from overwintering diapause and dominates the zooplankton biomass (Durbin, Gilman, Campbell, & Durbin, 1995;Johnson, Casault, Head, & Spry, 2016;Kane, 1993;Manning & Bucklin, 2005;Runge et al, 2015). Due to its high lipid content, C. finmarchicus is a key prey species linked directly and indirectly to seasonal energy accumulation and growth of higher trophic species such as forage and commercial fishes, baleen whales, and seabirds (Goyert, 2014;Nelson & Ross, 1991;Payne, Wiley, Pittman, Clapham, & Jossi, 1990;Pendleton et al, 2009;Richardson, Palmer, & Smith, 2014). While the timing of emergence is variable (Johnson et al, 2008;Maps et al, 2012), mean monthly peaks occurred on average in June for adult and late-stage C. finmarchicus, and in May for juvenile Calanus spp.…”

Section: Spring: Ramping Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Staudinger

Mills

Stamieszkin

et al. 2019

Fisheries Oceanography

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The timing of recurring biological and seasonal environmental events is changing on a global scale relative to temperature and other climate drivers. This study considers the Gulf of Maine ecosystem, a region of high social and ecological importance in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean and synthesizes current knowledge of (a) key seasonal processes, patterns, and events; (b) direct evidence for shifts in timing; (c) implications of phenological responses for linked ecological‐human systems; and (d) potential phenology‐focused adaptation strategies and actions. Twenty studies demonstrated shifts in timing of regional marine organisms and seasonal environmental events. The most common response was earlier timing, observed in spring onset, spring and winter hydrology, zooplankton abundance, occurrence of several larval fishes, and diadromous fish migrations. Later timing was documented for fall onset, reproduction and fledging in Atlantic puffins, spring and fall phytoplankton blooms, and occurrence of additional larval fishes. Changes in event duration generally increased and were detected in zooplankton peak abundance, early life history periods of macro‐invertebrates, and lobster fishery landings. Reduced duration was observed in winter–spring ice‐affected stream flows. Two studies projected phenological changes, both finding diapause duration would decrease in zooplankton under future climate scenarios. Phenological responses were species‐specific and varied depending on the environmental driver, spatial, and temporal scales evaluated. Overall, a wide range of baseline phenology and relevant modeling studies exist, yet surprisingly few document long‐term shifts. Results reveal a need for increased emphasis on phenological shifts in the Gulf of Maine and identify opportunities for future research and consideration of phenological changes in adaptation efforts.

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Section: Spring: Ramping Upmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Staudinger

Mills

Stamieszkin

et al. 2019

Fisheries Oceanography

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“…The Gulf of Maine is an important North Atlantic marine mammal foraging ground which contains a number of significant spawning areas for various fish species [34][35][36][37], including the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) [38][39][40]. The herring comprise a keystone prey species, common in the diets of many marine mammals, piscivorous fish and seabirds of the region [38,41].…”

Section: The Gulf Of Maine 2006 Experiments Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel and Spatial Dependence of Humpback Song and Non-Song Vocalizations in Fish Spawning Ground

Huang¹,

Wang²,

Ratilal³

2016

Remote Sensing

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Abstract:The vocalization behavior of humpback whales was monitored over vast areas of the Gulf of Maine using the passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing technique (POAWRS) over multiple diel cycles in Fall 2006. The humpback vocalizations comprised of both song and non-song are analyzed. The song vocalizations, composed of highly structured and repeatable set of phrases, are characterized by inter-pulse intervals of 3.5 ± 1.8 s. Songs were detected throughout the diel cycle, occuring roughly 40% during the day and 60% during the night. The humpback non-song vocalizations, dominated by shorter duration (≤3 s) downsweep and bow-shaped moans, as well as a small fraction of longer duration (∼5 s) cries, have significantly larger mean and more variable inter-pulse intervals of 14.2 ± 11 s. The non-song vocalizations were detected at night with negligible detections during the day, implying they probably function as nighttime communication signals. The humpback song and non-song vocalizations are separately localized using the moving array triangulation and array invariant techniques. The humpback song and non-song moan calls are both consistently localized to a dense area on northeastern Georges Bank and a less dense region extended from Franklin Basin to the Great South Channel. Humpback cries occur exclusively on northeastern Georges Bank and during nights with coincident dense Atlantic herring shoaling populations, implying the cries are feeding-related.

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“…The Gulf of Maine is an important North Atlantic marine mammal foraging ground and contains a number of significant spawning areas for various fish species [49][50][51], including the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) [52][53][54]. The Atlantic herring comprises a keystone prey species, common in the diets of many marine mammals, piscivorous fish and seabirds of the region [52,55].…”

Section: Gulf Of Maine 2006 Experiments Acoustic Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vocalization Source Level Distributions and Pulse Compression Gains of Diverse Baleen Whale Species in the Gulf of Maine

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The vocalization source level distributions and pulse compression gains are estimated for four distinct baleen whale species in the Gulf of Maine: fin, sei, minke and an unidentified baleen whale species. The vocalizations were received on a large-aperture densely-sampled coherent hydrophone array system useful for monitoring marine mammals over instantaneous wide areas via the passive ocean acoustic waveguide remote sensing technique. For each baleen whale species, between 125 and over 1400 measured vocalizations with significantly high Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR > 10 dB) after coherent beamforming and localized with high accuracies (<10% localization errors) over ranges spanning roughly 1 km-30 km are included in the analysis. The whale vocalization received pressure levels are corrected for broadband transmission losses modeled using a calibrated parabolic equation-based acoustic propagation model for a random range-dependent ocean waveguide. The whale vocalization source level distributions are characterized by the following means and standard deviations, in units of dB re 1 µPa at 1 m: 181.9 ± 5.2 for fin whale 20-Hz pulses, 173.5 ± 3.2 for sei whale downsweep chirps, 177.7 ± 5.4 for minke whale pulse trains and 169.6 ± 3.5 for the unidentified baleen whale species downsweep calls. The broadband vocalization equivalent pulse-compression gains are found to be 2.5 ± 1.1 for fin whale 20-Hz pulses, 24 ± 10 for the unidentified baleen whale species downsweep calls and 69 ± 23 for sei whale downsweep chirps. These pulse compression gains are found to be roughly proportional to the inter-pulse intervals of the vocalizations, which are 11 ± 5 s for fin whale 20-Hz pulses, 29 ± 18 for the unidentified baleen whale species downsweep calls and 52 ± 33 for sei whale downsweep chirps. The source level distributions and pulse compression gains are essential for determining signal-to-noise ratios and hence detection regions for baleen whale vocalizations received passively on underwater acoustic sensing systems, as well as for assessing communication ranges in baleen whales.

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Biology and Population Changes of Northern Sand Lance (Ammodytes dubius) from the Gulf of Maine to the Middle Atlantic Bight

Abstract: Trends in temporal and spatial abundance, and population size structure of the sand lance,

Cited by 25 publications

References 15 publications

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

It’s about time: A synthesis of changing phenology in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem

Diel and Spatial Dependence of Humpback Song and Non-Song Vocalizations in Fish Spawning Ground

Vocalization Source Level Distributions and Pulse Compression Gains of Diverse Baleen Whale Species in the Gulf of Maine

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