Biology of Agathis gibbosa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Primary Parasite of the Potato Tuberworm1, 2

The Potato Tuberworm: A Literature Review of Its Biology, Ecology, and Control

“…Other parasitoids like Tachinidae (Incamyia cuzcensis T.T. and Lixophaga diatraeae Towns), and more than 60 Hymenoptera (Braconidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Ichneumonidae, Mymaridae, Perilampidae, Pteromalidae, Scelionidae, and Trichogrammatidae) have also been described by several authors (Labeyrie 1959;Lloyd and Guido 1963;Jai Rao 1967;Rao 1967;Rao and Ramachandran-Nair 1967;Leong and Oatman 1968;Rao and Nagaraja 1968;Oatman et al 1969;Lloyd 1972;Odebiyi and Oatman 1972;Cruickshank and Ahmed 1973;Callan 1974;Oatman et al 1974;Oatman and Platner 1974;Cardona and Oatman 1975;Chundurwar 1977Chundurwar , 1978Odebiyi and Oatman 1977;Mitchell 1978;Divakar and Pawar 1979;Franzman 1980;Sankaran and Girling 1980;Briese 1981;Oatman 1982, 1987;Powers and Oatman 1984;Izhevskiy 1985;Horne 1990Horne , 1993. Among all parasitoids listed, there are some ecological differences; for instance, while C. desantisi oviposits in the eggs, A. subandinus and O. lepidus prefer young P. operculella larvae (Platner and Oatman 1972a).…”

An Insight in the Reproductive Biology of Therophilus javanus (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, and Agathidinae), a Potential Biological Control Agent against the Legume Pod Borer (Lepidoptera, Crambidae)

“…This minute size and the tear shape of T. javanus eggs correspond to previous descriptions of Agathidinae eggs such as those produced by B. vulgaris (Cress. ), A. pumila, and A. gibbosa [9][10][11]. T. javanus females are synovigenic; that is, they emerge with high numbers of immature eggs and only few mature eggs but continue to produce eggs throughout the adult stage, implying that females can start to oviposit in host caterpillars just after emergence.…”

“…Although Agathidinae have been Psyche studied for taxonomic or phylogeny purposes, the biology of members of this subfamily remains largely unknown. A few biological and quite ancient studies have been conducted on Agathidinae oviposition and larval development [8][9][10][11]. Most studied Agathidinae species oviposit into special organs (nerve ganglia) [12], but some, including T. javanus, place their eggs directly into the host hemocoel [8][9][10].…”

“…A few biological and quite ancient studies have been conducted on Agathidinae oviposition and larval development [8][9][10][11]. Most studied Agathidinae species oviposit into special organs (nerve ganglia) [12], but some, including T. javanus, place their eggs directly into the host hemocoel [8][9][10]. Apart from a few studies, that is, the number of eggs laid by Bracon vulgaris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [11], and the number of offspring produced by Agathis gibbosa (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) [9], there is a dearth of data concerning Agathidinae reproductive biology.…”

Revision of the Oriental genera of Agathidinae (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) with an emphasis on Thailand and interactive keys to genera published in three different formats

“…In general they are solitary, attack fi rst-instar Lepidoptera larvae in concealed microhabitats such as leafrolls or stems, and emerge from the last larval instar of the host after it has spun its cocoon. Detailed studies of life history have been conducted for a few species (e.g., Simmonds 1947, Dondale 1954, Odebiyi and Oatman 1972, Janzen et al 1998) and a few have been used in classical biological control eff orts. Currently there are about 50 genera recognized (Sharkey 1992).Th e history of higher classifi cation of the Agathidinae was summarized by Sharkey (1992) who also proposed a tribal-level classifi cation based on groundplan coding.…”