Biology of Bone Grafts

Goldberg, Victor M.; Akhavan, Sam

doi:10.1385/1-59259-863-3:057

Cited by 80 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

110

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally this in vitro model does not account for the biologic integration of grafts during which the graft is resorbed and replaced by new bone formation. However, it is known that integration of larger bone allografts is limited to the periphery after a long period [13,18,[27][28][29]33]. Therefore, it is possible that the majority of the volume of the original graft resides in the body for years without being remodeled and yet it will experience loading during its service in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone

Islam

Chapin

Moore

et al. 2016

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Sterilization by gamma radiation impairs the mechanical properties of bone allografts. Previous work related to radiation-induced embrittlement of bone tissue has been limited mostly to monotonic testing which does not necessarily predict the high-cycle fatigue life of allografts in vivo. Questions/PurposesWe designed a custom rotatingbending fatigue device to answer the following questions:(1) Does gamma radiation sterilization affect the high-cycle fatigue behavior of cortical bone; and (2) how does the fatigue life change with cyclic stress level? Methods The high-cycle fatigue behavior of human cortical bone specimens was examined at stress levels related to physiologic levels using a custom-designed rotatingbending fatigue device. Test specimens were distributed among two treatment groups (n = 6/group); control and irradiated. Samples were tested until failure at stress levels of 25, 35, and 45 MPa. Results At 25 MPa, 83% of control samples survived 30 million cycles (run-out) whereas 83% of irradiated samples survived only 0.5 million cycles. At 35 MPa, irradiated samples showed an approximately 19-fold reduction in fatigue life compared with control samples (12

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone

Islam

Chapin

Moore

et al. 2016

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The expansion and differentiation of the mesenchymal stem cells in response to growth factors and cytokines at the injury site eventually result in endochondral and intramembraneous bone formation, leading to osseointegration of the graft to host bone. The later phase of graft healing is characterized by graft repair and remodeling, a process that is different between cortical bone and cancellous bone [12,13,27,29,85]. Vascularization of cancellous bone graft occurs quickly due to its porous nature and can be rapidly incorporated and remodeled.…”

Section: Biology Of Bone Graft Incorporation and Remodelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective: Engineering Periosteum for Structural Bone Graft Healing

Zhang

Awad

O’Keefe

et al. 2008

Clin Orthop Relat Res

206

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Autograft is superior to both allograft and synthetic bone graft in repair of large structural bone defect largely due to the presence of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum. Recent studies have provided further evidence that activation, expansion and differentiation of the donor periosteal progenitor cells are essential for the initiation of osteogenesis and angiogenesis of donor bone graft healing. The formation of donor cell-derived periosteal callus enables efficient host-dependent graft repair and remodeling at the later stage of healing. Removal of periosteum from bone autograft markedly impairs healing whereas engraftment of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells on bone allograft improves healing and graft incorporation. These studies provide rationale for fabrication of a biomimetic periosteum substitute that could fit bone of any size and shape for enhanced allograft healing and repair. The success of such an approach will depend on further understanding of the molecular signals that control inflammation, cellular recruitment as well as mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and expansion during the early phase of the repair process. It will also depend on multidisciplinary collaborations between biologists, material scientists and bioengineers to address issues of material selection and modification, biological and biomechanical parameters for functional evaluation of bone allograft healing.

show abstract

“…Vascularised bone grafts, such as the vascularised fibular graft, retain their intrinsic blood supply, hasten bonehealing and hypertrophy [6], and have been widely used for reconstruction of large skeletal defects following trauma, tumour resection, or congenital diseases [5,[9][10]15]. Bone defects of an infectious aetiology constitute a particularly challenging and important subgroup; however, only a few studies in the literature have focussed on the application of the free vascularised bone graft for the treatment of infected bone defects [4,16,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free vascularised fibular grafting in the treatment of large skeletal defects due to osteomyelitis

Sun

Zhang

Jin

et al. 2009

International Orthopaedics (SICOT)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatment of skeletal defects secondary to osteomyelitis is a challenging problem. The purpose of this study was to present our experience of the use of free vascularised fibular grafts to treat such defects. Ten patients with a mean age of 31 years (range 16-50 years) and a skeletal defect with a mean length of 9.5 cm (range 6-17 cm) were managed with a protocol which included radical debridement of the lesion and a vascularised fibular graft. The mean follow-up time was 26 months. Union of the graft occurred in all patients, at a mean of 4.5 months. No recurrence of osteomyelitis was observed. The mean time to full weight bearing was ten months, and all patients were pain-free and able to walk without supportive devices. A free vascularised fibular graft is a viable option for the management of large skeletal defects resulting from osteomyelitis.

show abstract

Biology of Bone Grafts

Cited by 80 publications

References 38 publications

Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone

Gamma Radiation Sterilization Reduces the High-cycle Fatigue Life of Allograft Bone

A Perspective: Engineering Periosteum for Structural Bone Graft Healing

Free vascularised fibular grafting in the treatment of large skeletal defects due to osteomyelitis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About